\u0130brahim G\u00fcrb\u00fcz<\/p>\n
Bir\u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k insanl\u0131k tarihinin son alt\u0131 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k kesitinde insanlar\u0131n uygarl\u0131k i\u00e7in \u00fcretim faaliyetlerinde bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 ifade ederler. Bu tarihsel d\u00f6nemde, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, \u00a0\u00f6zellikle su havzalar\u0131nda ve nehir kenarlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli uygarl\u0131klar yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 bilinen bir realitedir. Bunlardan, Mezopotamya, Yunan, M\u0131s\u0131r, Aztek, \u0130nka, \u00c7in ve Hint uygarl\u0131klar\u0131, en \u00e7ok bilinenlerdir.<\/p>\n
Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, insan soyunun binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k deneyim, kazan\u0131m, bilgi birikim ve tecr\u00fcbe toplam\u0131n\u0131n vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 son seviye olarak ifade edebiliriz. \u0130nsanl\u0131k bu uzun uygarl\u0131k tarihi s\u00fcrecinde; ate\u015fi, yaz\u0131y\u0131, hayvanlar\u0131 evcille\u015ftirmeyi, tar\u0131m devrimini, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131, \u015fehirler in\u015fa etmeyi, kent mimarisini, ekonomiyi, sanayiyi, ticareti, g\u00fczel sanatlar\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr birikimini, matemati\u011fi, m\u00fchendisli\u011fi, co\u011frafi ke\u015fifleri, buharl\u0131 makinay\u0131 ve R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131 ke\u015ffetti. Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 teknolojik seviye, bili\u015fim, yapay zek\u00e2 ve uzay bilimlerinin d\u00fczeyi, uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 seviyeyi g\u00f6stermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli g\u00f6stergelerdir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn d\u00fcnyas\u0131, kentsel tasar\u0131m\u0131, sanat, teknoloji ve bili\u015fim alan\u0131nda ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygarl\u0131k d\u00fczeyi bilim ve bilim insanlar\u0131 sayesinde olmu\u015ftur. Bilim, insan\u0131n do\u011fay\u0131, toplumu, kendisini ve \u00e7evresini bilme, anlama, tan\u0131ma ve hakikati arama \u00e7abas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar daha iyi ve g\u00fcvenli bir ya\u015fam i\u00e7in do\u011fay\u0131 tan\u0131ma, do\u011fa olaylar\u0131n\u0131 irdeleme ve do\u011faya egemen olma iste\u011fiyle bilgi \u00fcretimine y\u00f6nelmi\u015flerdir. Bu nedenlerle bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonucu, yakalad\u0131klar\u0131 bilim seviyesi toplumlar\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015flik d\u00fczeyini belirlemi\u015ftir. Yani bilim \u00fcretiminin d\u00fczeyi ile toplumsal geli\u015fmenin d\u00fczeyi do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Toplumlar\u0131n \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imi, \u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri ve \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, toplumsal dinami\u011fin itici g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc belirleyen en temel unsur bilimdir. Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fmesi, toplumsal ilerleme ve hayat\u0131n daha ya\u015fan\u0131labilir hale getirilmesi bilim sayesinde olmu\u015ftur. Bilimi, hakikate ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in gidilen yolu ayd\u0131nlatan bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k olarak tarif edebiliriz.<\/p>\n
Bilim y\u00f6ntemi ise insan\u0131n kendisini, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnyadaki, do\u011fadaki ve toplumdaki olgular\u0131 ve olgusal ili\u015fkileri kavramak, bilmek ve anlamak i\u00e7in g\u00f6zlem, deney ve \u00f6l\u00e7me i\u015flemlerini kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemi olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir \u00d6\u011fretide genel kabul, bilim tarihinin be\u015f bin y\u0131ll\u0131k ser\u00fcveni kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve modern bilim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ise 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n
Eski \u00c7a\u011fda Antik Yunan tarihini inceledi\u011fimizde, bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n karanl\u0131k \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n bask\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6netimlerine kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fccadeleler verdi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Verilen b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fccadeleler sonucu, bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bedeller \u00f6dediklerini de biliyoruz. Ancak bu bilim ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde Sokrates\u2019in duru\u015fu ve m\u00fccadelesi bir ekole d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve gelecek ku\u015faklara ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Sokrates\u2019in savundu\u011fu do\u011frunun tekli\u011fi ve ahlak\u0131n evrenselli\u011fi felsefesi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda da hala \u00f6nemli bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemi olarak etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fcnyam\u0131za zenginlik katmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Aristoteles, Thales, Pisagor, Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs, Heraklitos ve Hipokrat gibi bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndaki disiplinleri ve kararl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 olmasayd\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n kahramanlar\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr Sokrates\u2019in, Miguel Servetusus\u2019un ve Giordano Bruno\u2019nun karanl\u0131k ve \u00f6l\u00fcm kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki soylu duru\u015fu olmasayd\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ve uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc seviyeye gelmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n
Eski \u00c7a\u011fda nas\u0131l ki Sokrates gibi bilim insanlar\u0131 karanl\u0131kta bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k olduysa, kilisenin toplum ve y\u00f6netim erki \u00fczerinde egemen oldu\u011fu, akl\u0131n ve bilimin devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Skolastik felsefenin resmi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce<\/p>\n
kabul edildi\u011fi Orta \u00c7a\u011f, daha sonra Yeni \u00c7a\u011f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze dek bir\u00e7ok filozof ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr bilim tarihi s\u00fcrecinin \u00e7e\u015fitli evrelerinde \u00f6nemli i\u015flevleri olmu\u015ftur. Bunlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 idam baz\u0131lar\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015f baz\u0131lar\u0131 da zindanlarda akli dengelerini yitirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
Sokrates, Miguel Servetus, Giordano Bruno, Galileo Galilei, Newton, Copernicus, Descartes, Spinoza, Voltaire, Kant, Karl Marx, Frederich Engels, Hegel, Darwin, Nikola Tesla, Edison, Albert Einstein, Franz Fanon, Jean Paul Sartre, Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee ve \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i gibi bilim ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn insanlar\u0131na insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck borcu oldu\u011fu ku\u015fkusuzdur. Bu bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ve gizli bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n geldi\u011fi bug\u00fcnk\u00fc uygarl\u0131k seviyesine ula\u015fman\u0131n itici motorlar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u0130nsanl\u0131k ve uygarl\u0131k bu bilim insanlar\u0131 sayesinde bug\u00fcnlere varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tiranlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hakikati savunma ve duru\u015f olmasayd\u0131 belki insanl\u0131k onlar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek ahlaki de\u011ferlere bug\u00fcn sahip olamayacakt\u0131. Bilimin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00fcnyada uygarl\u0131k ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n zenginli\u011finden de s\u00f6z edilemezdi.<\/p>\n
B\u0130R B\u0130L\u0130M AB\u0130DES\u0130: \u0130SMA\u0130L BE\u015e\u0130K\u00c7\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n Ayd\u0131nlanma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131yla birlikte do\u011fa bilimleri ve sosyal bilimler birbirinden ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Do\u011fa bilimleri i\u00e7in uygulanan bilim metodolojisi sosyal bilimler i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Hatta sosyal bilimlerin birer par\u00e7as\u0131 olan ekonomi, tarih, sosyoloji, co\u011frafya, antropoloji, arkeoloji gibi bilim dallar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131d\u0131r. Bilimin, felsefenin ve sanat\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ortam\u0131nda geli\u015fti\u011fini bildi\u011fimiz i\u00e7in do\u011fa bilimlerinin geli\u015fimi ile sosyal bilimlerin geli\u015fimi aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan bir ba\u011f oldu\u011funu biliyoruz.<\/p>\n Bu anlamda bilimi \u0131srarla savunan ve canlar\u0131n\u0131 feda eden, boyun e\u011fmeyen soylu duru\u015f sahibi bilim ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn insanlar\u0131, bilimin ve uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fim \u00e7ark\u0131n\u0131 hareket ettiren kahramanlard\u0131r. \u0130simlerini s\u0131ralad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bilim insanlar\u0131ndan Sokrates, Miguel Servetus, Giordano Bruno ile \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n e\u015fsiz bilim insanlar\u0131ndan \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i\u2019nin irdelenmesi akademisyenlerin ve gen\u00e7lerin ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Bu konunun akademide tez ve et\u00fct \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile zenginle\u015ftirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bir\u00e7ok ayd\u0131n, akademisyen ve toplum i\u00e7erisindeki bireylerin, \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i ile ilgili bilgilerinin y\u00fczeysel ve olduk\u00e7a yetersiz oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i fikriyat\u0131n\u0131n detayl\u0131 incelenmesi \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde duran ve ivedi \u015fekilde yerine getirilmesi gereken bir g\u00f6revdir.<\/p>\n Yukar\u0131da s\u0131ralad\u0131\u011f\u0131m genel bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn se\u00e7kin bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i \u00fczerine ifade ettikleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri aktard\u0131ktan sonra \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i ile tarihte iz b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131 irdelemenin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn hayat\u0131m\u0131za farkl\u0131 bir pencere a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n SE\u00c7K\u0130N BAZI B\u0130L\u0130M, D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcN VE YAZARLARININ \u0130SMA\u0130L BE\u015e\u0130K\u00c7\u0130\u2019YE BAKI\u015eI<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerinden Noam Chomsky, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde verdi\u011fi konferansta \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i i\u00e7in \u201cO bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n kahraman\u0131d\u0131r. Cesaretin ve onurun sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d demesi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir belirlemedir.( Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesinde, 25 Ocak 2013 tarihinde ki \u201cHrant Dink \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve \u0130fade \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Konferans\u0131\u201dnda ki konu\u015fmas\u0131ndan )<\/p>\n K\u00fcrd tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00f6zde bilim insanlar\u0131ndan Prof. Dr. Cel\u00eel\u00ea Cel\u00eel\u2019 \u201c\u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i bir p\u0131rlantad\u0131r. P\u0131rlanta be\u015f y\u00fcz y\u0131lda bir olu\u015fur.\u201d, \u201c\u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i bir atom par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibidir. Kendisi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck etkisi b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.\u201d tespiti \u00e7ok \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. (\u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i Ara\u015ft\u0131rma K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ki konu\u015fmas\u0131ndan)<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sayg\u0131n bilim insanlar\u0131ndan Prof. Dr. Murat Belge \u201c\u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i bir benzeri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunmayan, ama ona bakarsan\u0131z d\u00fcnyada da e\u015fine \u00e7ok ender rastlanan bir ki\u015fidir.\u201d, \u201c \u2026.haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frayan bir halk\u0131n davas\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131kmak, onu kendi davas\u0131 haline getirmek. Ger\u00e7eklikle kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fki ise bir bilim adam\u0131n\u0131n ili\u015fkisidir. \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i bunlar\u0131n ikisinin toplam\u0131 olan bir ki\u015filiktir.\u201d der. (1)<\/p>\n \u00dcnl\u00fc yazar ve \u015fair Murathan Mungan \u201d\u2026.\u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc, g\u00f6n\u00fcl yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 duydu\u011fu bir davaya adayan, bu u\u011furda hi\u00e7bir \u00f6zveriden ka\u00e7\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f, y\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, yorulmam\u0131\u015f, teslim olmam\u0131\u015f; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda d\u00fcr\u00fcst, onurlu, bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, ayd\u0131nlanma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n -benimde olumlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m-romantik de\u011ferlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir dava ve fikir adam\u0131 oldu\u011fudur.\u201d belirlemesini yaparak; \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i i\u00e7in \u201cHayat insana \u00e7ok az konuda zamanlar \u00fcst\u00fc sayg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar.\u201d diyor. (2)<\/p>\n Literat\u00fcre T\u00fcrkl\u00fck S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kavram\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131ran akademisyen ve yazar Dr. Bar\u0131\u015f \u00dcnl\u00fc, \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i\u2019yi bir fenomen olarak de\u011ferlendirerek onu Antik Yunan\u2019da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fclere ve tiranlara kar\u015f\u0131 hakikati s\u00f6yleyen Parrhesiastes olarak ifade eder. Ek olarak, \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i i\u00e7in \u201c\u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i modern bir Parrhesiastes ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015f bir kavram\u0131 kullanmak gerekirse bir entelekt\u00fceldir.\u201d der. \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i\u2019nin K\u00fcrdler ve K\u00fcrdistan adlar\u0131n\u0131n ifade edilmedi\u011fi ve a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ad\u0131 konulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde Dr. Bar\u0131\u015f \u00dcnl\u00fc \u201cHakikati g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda dile getirmi\u015ftir.\u201d diyerek \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i\u2019nin hakikatleri dile getirmesindeki g\u00f6z\u00fc pekli\u011fi ifade etmi\u015ftir. Dr. Bar\u0131\u015f \u00dcnl\u00fc, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcler olarak ifade etti\u011fi sadece devlet de\u011fildir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcrk toplumu ve T\u00fcrk akademi d\u00fcnyas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00a0(3)<\/p>\n \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i b\u00fct\u00fcn bu g\u00fc\u00e7leri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f ve ger\u00e7e\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck riskleri g\u00f6ze alarak hayk\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dr. Bar\u0131\u015f \u00dcnl\u00fc \u201cHakikati s\u00f6ylemek riskli ve tehlikeliyse, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda bir \u201cya\u015fam ya da \u00f6l\u00fcm\u201d etkinli\u011fi var demektir. Bu tehlikeyi bilerek g\u00f6ze alan ki\u015fi d\u00fcr\u00fcstt\u00fcr. D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck belli bir ahlak yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret eder, ki o ahlak yap\u0131s\u0131 hakikate ula\u015fabilme yolunda en temel dayanak noktas\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d diyerek \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131ndaki cesaret ve hakikate vurgu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (4)<\/p>\n Dr. Bar\u0131\u015f \u00dcnl\u00fc, \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i\u2019nin hakikate ula\u015fma s\u00fcrecinde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131, tan\u0131k olduklar\u0131 ve okuduklar\u0131yla ki\u015fisel bir ayd\u0131nlanma ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Bu husus, \u201cBu ayd\u0131nlanma s\u00fcrecinde ise, tabiri caizse, T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden istifa etmi\u015ftir. Bu istifa ki\u015fisel bir zihin devrimidir.\u201d diyerek ifade edilmi\u015ftir. (5)<\/p>\n T\u00fcrk Akademiyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n de\u011ferli isimlerinden Prof. Dr. Sibel \u00d6zbudun ise \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i\u2019nin T\u00fcrk \u00fcniversitesi i\u00e7inde resm\u00ee ideolojiye kar\u015f\u0131 duru\u015funa g\u00f6nderme yaparak \u201c\u2019Akademia cennetinden kovulan bir \u015feytan \u201cbetimlemesi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (6). Resm\u00ee ideolojinin emir ve talimatlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fcten T\u00fcrk akademisyenlerinin kurduklar\u0131 bilim d\u0131\u015f\u0131 cennete itiraz etti\u011fi i\u00e7in \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i bu cennetten aforoz edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n De\u011ferli bilim insan\u0131 Prof. Dr. Selahattin G\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fc, \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i i\u00e7in, \u201cO asla kendini gizleyen biri de\u011fildi. \u0130nand\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikirleri savunurken ufak tefek g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc birden devle\u015fiyor, ciddi boyutlardaki tehditler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bile \u00f6d\u00fcns\u00fcz tavr\u0131n\u0131 asla de\u011fi\u015ftirmiyordu. \u00d6teden beri, yarg\u0131m; onun bir bilim adam\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7ok bir fikir ve inan\u00e7 adam\u0131 oldu\u011fu yolundayd\u0131. Bu yarg\u0131m bug\u00fcn de de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f de\u011fil. \u0130sa gibi hi\u00e7 y\u0131l\u0131p yorulmadan kendi \u00e7arm\u0131h\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131rt\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131yan bir inan\u00e7 adam\u0131.\u201d (7) ifadelerini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu konuya ili\u015fkin y\u00fczlerce ayd\u0131n ve bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i\u2019ye ili\u015fkin benzer yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131ralayabiliriz. Ancak konumuzu da\u011f\u0131tamamak i\u00e7in, se\u00e7kin baz\u0131 isimlerin s\u00f6yledikleri ve yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yeterli olaca\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131m.<\/p>\n Yaz\u0131n\u0131n orjinaline gitmek i\u00e7in: https:\/\/www.basnews.com\/tr\/babat\/708002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0130brahim G\u00fcrb\u00fcz Bir\u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k insanl\u0131k tarihinin son alt\u0131 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k kesitinde insanlar\u0131n uygarl\u0131k i\u00e7in \u00fcretim faaliyetlerinde bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 ifade ederler. Bu tarihsel d\u00f6nemde, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, \u00a0\u00f6zellikle su havzalar\u0131nda ve nehir kenarlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli uygarl\u0131klar yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 bilinen bir realitedir. Bunlardan, Mezopotamya, Yunan, M\u0131s\u0131r, Aztek, \u0130nka, \u00c7in ve Hint uygarl\u0131klar\u0131, en \u00e7ok bilinenlerdir. Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, insan soyunun binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1017652,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[31],"class_list":["post-1017651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ozel-dosya","tag-onemli"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":8}},"seo_head":"\n