Bug\u00fcn Xoyb\u00fbn \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn 95\u2019inci kurulu\u015f y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc. K\u00fcrt milliyet\u00e7i d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin kilometre ta\u015flar\u0131ndan olan Xoybun sosyal, siyasal, ekonomik ve halklar aras\u0131nda ki ili\u015fkiler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dikkatle incelenmesi gereken bir yap\u0131d\u0131r. Xoybun asl\u0131nda sadece bir \u00f6rg\u00fct de\u011fil bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve eylem bi\u00e7imidir.<\/p>\n
Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 kurulan ilk siyasal \u00f6rg\u00fct Azadi\u2019dir<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0Birinci D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 ile da\u011f\u0131lan Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011fu b\u00f6lgede yeni \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f, mill\u00ee-siyasal hareketlerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesine muazzam zemin sundu. \u00d6zellikle Mondros m\u00fctarekesinden sonra olu\u015fan iktidars\u0131zl\u0131k d\u00f6nemini, \u0130stanbul\u2019daki K\u00fcrdler aras\u0131nda siyasal, \u00f6rg\u00fctsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alanda bir canlanma yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n \u00a0Wilson prensipleri ve kimi diplomatik anla\u015fmalar K\u00fcrd ayd\u0131n, entelekt\u00fcel \u00e7evrede milliyet\u00e7i ak\u0131m\u0131n geli\u015fmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131. Siyasal, diplomatik ortam\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 g\u00f6ren bu K\u00fcrt ayd\u0131nlar\u0131, tarihin bu belirsiz zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ciddi bir siyasal m\u00fccadele y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fcler. Bu siyasal, \u00f6rg\u00fctsel birikim sonraki K\u00fcrt isyanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde belirleyici bir etkide bulundu. Ancak Mustafa kemal \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki Kuvayi-milliye g\u00fcc\u00fc \u0130stanbul h\u00fck\u00fcmetine egemen olmas\u0131 ve itilaf devletlerinin Mustafa Kemal\u2019in bu ilerleyi\u015fine kay\u0131ts\u0131z kalmas\u0131, \u0130stanbul\u2019daki siyasal iklimi bir anda de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. K\u00fcrt milliyet\u00e7i ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n siyasal \u00f6nder ve kadrolar\u0131 i\u00e7in mekan de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi zorunlu k\u0131ld\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine K\u00fcrt ayd\u0131n ve siyasal kadrolar\u0131 \u0130stanbul d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Kemalist hareket K\u00fcrt d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc iyice g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra K\u00fcrt ayd\u0131n \u00e7evreleri yeni aray\u0131\u015flara ba\u015flad\u0131.\u00a0 Bu durumdan hareketle 1923\u2019te Erzurum da Azadi \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kuruldu. Cibranl\u0131 Halit Bey, Yusuf Ziya ve Haci Musa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finde Erzurum\u2019da kurulan Azadi \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ayn\u0131 zamanda K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da kurulan ilk siyasal olu\u015fum olma unvan\u0131na da sahip. K\u0131sa bir zaman i\u00e7erisinde K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da ciddi bir \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fck d\u00fczeyi yakalayarak geni\u015f bir kitleye ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n \u00a01924\u2019teki 1. Kongresinde K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n genelini kapsayacak bir milli-ulusal devrim planlamas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Devrimin ilk k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u0130hsan Nuri Pa\u015fa Eyl\u00fcl 1924\u2019te Hakkari\u2019nin Elki (Beyt\u00fc\u015f\u015febap) il\u00e7esinde \u00e7akt\u0131. Ancak planland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi gitmeyen ordu i\u00e7erisindeki bu kalk\u0131\u015fma \u015eex Sait isyan\u0131n\u0131n i\u015faret fi\u015fe\u011fi oldu.<\/p>\n \u015eex Said isyan\u0131 sonras\u0131 ya\u015fanan s\u00fcre\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrk ordusundaki Azadi cemiyeti \u00fcyesi subaylar\u0131n bu isyan\u0131 T\u00fcrk devletinin Azadi Cemiyeti\u2019nin \u00f6nderlerini yakaland\u0131. Halit Cibran, Yusuf Ziya ve H. Musa yakaland\u0131lar. Bu tutuklanmalar Azadi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayaklanma i\u00e7in \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir talihsizlikti. \u015eex Sait \u00d6nderli\u011finde ba\u015flat\u0131lan milli-ulusal devrim \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00c7ewl\u0131k, Amed, Farqin, Sason ve Serhat alanlar\u0131na yay\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak bu ayaklanma bilinen nedenlerden yenilgiye u\u011frad\u0131. \u015eex Sait Efendi ve 46 arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131n idam\u0131ndan sonra da TC\u2019nin s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve tenkil hareketi devam etti.<\/p>\n Ayaklanmaya kat\u0131lan y\u00fczlerce sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan da\u011flar\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131lar. Di\u011fer ayd\u0131n ve siyasi \u015fahsiyetler K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer par\u00e7alar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcney ve g\u00fcneybat\u0131 par\u00e7as\u0131na yerle\u015fen yurtsever ayd\u0131n \u015fahsiyetler \u015eex Sait isyan\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve olumsuz gidi\u015fat\u0131 durdurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeni bir \u00f6rg\u00fctsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n i\u00e7erisine girdiler. Bu konuda b\u00fcy\u00fck K\u00fcrt yurtseveri Memduh Selim Bey t\u00fcm K\u00fcrt ayd\u0131n, yurtsever \u015fahsiyetleri ile ili\u015fkilenir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma K\u00fcrt siyasal \u00e7evrelerinde olumlu kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r ve toplanma s\u00fcreci ba\u015flar. Ancak etkisizde olsa halen \u0130stanbul merkezli kimi K\u00fcrt \u00f6rg\u00fctleri varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Bunlar\u0131 da tek bir ulusal \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplama yeni olu\u015fum i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu \u00f6rg\u00fctler K\u00fcrdistan teali cemiyeti, K\u00fcrt \u0130\u00e7timaiye Te\u015fkilat\u0131, K\u00fcrt Millet F\u0131rkas\u0131 ve K\u00fcrt \u0130stiklal Komitesi idi. Bu d\u00f6rt \u00f6rg\u00fct birle\u015fme karar\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n K\u00fcrt miliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin ilk modern \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc: Xoybun<\/strong><\/p>\n 5 ekim 1927 de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir gizlilik i\u00e7erisinde K\u00fcrt liderler Celadet Bed\u0131rxan, Kamiran Bed\u0131rxan, Memduh Selim, Ali R\u0131za (\u015e.Said efendinin o\u011flu) Dr. \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Sekban, \u015eex Mehdi, Emin A\u011fa(Raman),Mustafa \u015eahin, Fehmi Beg, Haco A\u011fa ve birka\u00e7 \u00f6nemli K\u00fcrt \u015fahsiyeti daha L\u00fcbnan\u2019\u0131n Bhamdun \u015fehrinde Vaham Papazyan\u2019\u0131n evinde Xoyb\u00fbn \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurulur. Xoyb\u00fbn Cemiyeti modern K\u00fcrt milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin ilk \u00f6rg\u00fctsel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eder.<\/p>\n Din,leh\u00e7e,toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131f ve fikirsel ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 sorun yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n t\u00fcm K\u00fcrtleri Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z K\u00fcrdistan fikriyat\u0131 ile bir \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplar. Amac\u0131; \u201cT\u00fcrkiye boyunduru\u011fu alt\u0131nda bulunan K\u00fcrdistan ve K\u00fcrtlerin kurtulu\u015fu, do\u011fal ve ulusal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir K\u00fcrdistan devletini kurmakt\u0131\u201d Bu ulvi ama\u00e7 K\u00fcrtleri birle\u015ftiren yegane nedendir.<\/p>\n K\u00fcrt milli-ulusal kimli\u011fi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmak ve \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn birli\u011fini korumak i\u00e7in t\u00fcm \u00fcyelere \u201ckarde\u015flik yemini\u201d ettirildi bu yemin \u015f\u00f6yleydi: \u201c\u015eu anda imza att\u0131\u011f\u0131m tarihten itibaren, iki y\u0131ll\u0131k bir zaman s\u00fcresince, e\u011fer K\u00fcrt ulusunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fini tehdit eden bir tehlike ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmasa ve \u015fayet hayat\u0131m\u0131n ve \u015ferefimin ya da kendi \u015ferefini koruyan, ailesi ve k\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc korumaya zorunlu \u015fah\u0131slara( ki ben onlara kar\u015f\u0131 vazife ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcy\u00fcm) kar\u015f\u0131 bir ba\u015fka K\u00fcrt taraf\u0131ndan h\u00fccum olmazsa, her hangi bir k\u00fcrde silah kald\u0131rmamay\u0131, kan davalar\u0131n\u0131n ve anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bu iki seneyi takip eden d\u00f6neme ertelemeyi, iki K\u00fcrt aras\u0131nda ki\u015fisel nedenlerden dolay\u0131 karde\u015f kan\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fclmesine t\u00fcm g\u00fcc\u00fcmle engel olmaya, dinimin ve \u015ferefimin ve kutsall\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne yemin ederim. Vallah billah bu and\u0131 bozan herhangi birisi K\u00fcrt ulusunun d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 ve hainidir, herhangi bir hainin hak etti\u011fi ceza \u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Xoyb\u00fbn\u2019\u0131n ama\u00e7 ve hedefleri<\/strong><\/p>\n Xoyb\u00fbn\u2019un 1. Kongresinde al\u0131nan ve \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ama\u00e7 ve hedeflerini belirleyen birka\u00e7 maddeye \u015f\u00f6yledir.<\/p>\n Bu tarihi kararlar Xoyb\u00fbn \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn ge\u00e7mi\u015f ayaklanmalardan dersler \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve yeni bir anlay\u0131\u015f ile m\u00fccadeleye yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n \u00d6rg\u00fctsel yap\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Xoyb\u00fbn \u201cmerkezi b\u00fcro, kollar ve heyetlerden olu\u015fur. Bu \u00f6rg\u00fctsel hiyerar\u015fiye g\u00f6re; Merkezi b\u00fcro kongre taraf\u0131ndan atan\u0131r. Cemiyetin t\u00fcm organlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm kararlar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funluk taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Merkez b\u00fcro \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar hakk\u0131nda rapor vermesi ve y\u0131ll\u0131k bir kongrenin d\u00fczenlenmesini \u00f6n g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u201d bu hiyerar\u015fik sistem Xoyb\u00fbn\u2019un ki\u015fi veya ailenin g\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcnde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 modern bir \u00f6rg\u00fctsel yap\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n Propaganda ve diplomaside at\u0131l\u0131m karar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Xoyb\u00fbn \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc propaganda ve diplomasiyi \u00e7ok \u00f6nem verir. Buna g\u00f6re; t\u00fcm \u00fcyeler K\u00fcrtlerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 lehine propaganda yapmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Propaganda s\u00f6zl\u00fc ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 yap\u0131labilir. Sanatsal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel arg\u00fcmanlar kullan\u0131lmal\u0131 ve kazan\u0131mlar halka aktar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Propaganda i\u00e7in di\u011fer dillerde de materyaller olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r…<\/p>\n \u00a0Xoyb\u00fbn ve A\u011fr\u0131 da\u011f\u0131 K\u00fcrt H\u00fck\u00fcmeti<\/strong><\/p>\n \u015eex Sait devriminden sonra K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da \u00e7ok yo\u011fun bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcn politikas\u0131 uygulan\u0131r. K\u00fcrt a\u015firet liderleri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bat\u0131 \u015fehirlerine s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilirler. Devletin bu uygulamas\u0131 K\u00fcrt illeri gelenlerinde ciddi bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131k yarat\u0131r. Bunun \u00fczerine s\u00fcrg\u00fcne gitmeye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan B\u0131roy\u00ea Hesk\u00ea T\u00eali ve aile \u00e7evresi 1926 da A\u011fr\u0131 da\u011f\u0131nda yeni bir isyan ba\u015flat\u0131rlar. T\u00fcrk devletinin ciddiye almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu kalk\u0131\u015fma yeni bir ulusal m\u00fccadelenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ayn\u0131 zamanda.<\/p>\n \u015e\u00eax Sait isyan\u0131n da da\u011flara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan K\u00fcrt sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar bu isyan\u0131n etraf\u0131nda h\u0131zla toplanmaya ba\u015flar. \u015e\u00eax Sait isyan\u0131n ate\u015fi daha s\u00f6nmemi\u015fken A\u011fr\u0131 da\u011f\u0131nda yeni bir isyan ate\u015fi yak\u0131l\u0131r. S\u00fcrg\u00fcnden ka\u00e7\u0131p gelen K\u00fcrt illeri gelenleri B\u0131ro Hesk\u00ea T\u00eali\u2019nin \u00f6nderli\u011finde toplanarak isyan\u0131n kitle taban\u0131 olu\u015ftururlar. Bu isyan, Xoyb\u00fbn y\u00f6neticileri taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131ndan takip edilip, desteklenir. 1927\u2019de Xoyb\u00fbn \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u0130hsan Nuri Pa\u015fa\u2019y\u0131 bu ayaklanman\u0131n askeri komutan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6revlendirir. \u0130hsan Nuri pa\u015fan\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131 da\u011f\u0131na gelmesiyle \u0130syan ulusal bir nitelik kazan\u0131r. Xoyb\u00fbn t\u00fcm g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc bu isyana seferber eder. Xoyb\u00fbn siyasal ve askeri ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc, disiplinli ve planl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr.<\/p>\n \n T\u00fcrk devleti daha \u015e\u00eax sait isyan\u0131n\u0131n \u015fokunu atlatamam\u0131\u015fken, A\u011fr\u0131 da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n siyasal patlamas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi. Ancak bu s\u0131radan bir isyan de\u011fildi, \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc ve planl\u0131 bir ulusal kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130\u00e7erisinde K\u00fcrtlerin t\u00fcm milli de\u011ferlerini bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yordu. Nizami ordusu, adalet sistemi ve idari yap\u0131s\u0131 ile A\u011fr\u0131 da\u011f\u0131nda bir K\u00fcrt H\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurulmu\u015ftu. Milli mar\u015f\u0131, ulusal bayra\u011f\u0131, medyas\u0131 ve \u00fcniformal\u0131 sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ile A\u011fr\u0131 da\u011f\u0131nda 4 y\u0131l s\u00fcren bir milli iktidar d\u00f6nemi ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n \u00a0A\u011fr\u0131 isyan\u0131n uzun s\u00fcrmesi T\u00fcrk devletini her a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 duruma soktu. Devlet askeri ve ekonomik olarak \u00e7\u00f6kme noktas\u0131na geldi. Ancak T\u00fcrk devletinin diplomasideki zaferi bu isyan\u0131n sonucunu belirledi. T\u00fcrk devletinin \u0130ran ve Ruslarla anla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerine A\u011fr\u0131 ayaklanmas\u0131 bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Xoyb\u00fbn Cemiyeti, A\u011fr\u0131 K\u00fcrt H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla sars\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak \u00f6rg\u00fctsel varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyup K\u00fcrt ayd\u0131nlanma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verdi. Bu temelde k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, edebi ve diplomatik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc. Xoyb\u00fbn K\u00fcrt siyasal, ayd\u0131nlanma tarihine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir miras b\u0131rakarak 1946-47 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctsel varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sonland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n K\u0131saca \u00f6zetledi\u011fimiz Xoyb\u00fbn deneyimi, \u00f6rg\u00fct yap\u0131s\u0131 ve prati\u011fi bu hala ders \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken y\u00f6nler ile doludur. B\u00fcy\u00fck kahramanl\u0131klar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bilin\u00e7 yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Bug\u00fcn Xoyb\u00fbn \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn 95\u2019inci kurulu\u015f y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc. K\u00fcrt milliyet\u00e7i d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin kilometre ta\u015flar\u0131ndan olan Xoybun sosyal, siyasal, ekonomik ve halklar aras\u0131nda ki ili\u015fkiler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dikkatle incelenmesi gereken bir yap\u0131d\u0131r. Xoybun asl\u0131nda sadece bir \u00f6rg\u00fct de\u011fil bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve eylem bi\u00e7imidir. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 kurulan ilk siyasal \u00f6rg\u00fct Azadi\u2019dir \u00a0Birinci D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 ile da\u011f\u0131lan Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011fu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1021509,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[31],"class_list":["post-1021508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ozel-dosya","tag-onemli"],"seo_head":"\n\n
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