Kavramlar\u0131n birer soyutlama oldu\u011fu konusunda, bilim \u00e7evrelerinde genel bir uzla\u015f\u0131dan s\u00f6z etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde kavramsal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin ve tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n da belli bir bilgi birikimini, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel geli\u015fmi\u015flik d\u00fczeyini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi noktas\u0131nda da ciddi bir itiraza rastlanmaz.<\/p>\n
Kavramlara dair bu ortak anlay\u0131\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131n toplumsal\/politik konumlamada ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ayr\u0131\u015fman\u0131n nedenleri \u00fczerinde durmak gerekiyor. \u00d6zellikle orta\u00e7a\u011f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde egemen olan ‘nesnel ger\u00e7eklikten kopuk, kendi ba\u015f\u0131na var olan, ayn\u0131 zamanda de\u011fi\u015fmeyen\/dura\u011fan ve mutlak ger\u00e7eklik olarak kavram’ anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na bilimsel bir anlam y\u00fcklenemeyece\u011fi i\u00e7in, bu anlay\u0131\u015ftakiler, “kavramlara dair genel uzla\u015f\u0131” sav\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fal-toplumsal ger\u00e7eklikten alan kavramlar soyutlama sonucu elde edilirler. Bazen soyutlama derecesi o kadar y\u00fckselir ki kavram\u0131n ger\u00e7eklikle olan ba\u011f\u0131 kopar. Ger\u00e7eklikten kopan ve nesnesine geri d\u00f6nemeyen kavram bilimsel olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini de kaybeder.<\/p>\n
De\u011fi\u015fim ve hareketin do\u011fada\/toplumda kesintisizli\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, do\u011fal\/toplumsal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan kavramlar\u0131n da s\u00fcrekli i\u00e7erik de\u011fi\u015fimine u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi kendisini dayat\u0131r. Bu i\u00e7erik de\u011fi\u015fimini g\u00f6rmeyenler, g\u00f6rmek istemeyenler, kavramlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fimini dikkate almad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in, farkl\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015flik d\u00fczeyine sahip farkl\u0131 toplumsal ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imlerine oldu\u011fu gibi onlar\u0131 uygularlar. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, kendi \u00f6znel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini zorla toplumsal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe giydirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Bu tutum, stat\u00fckoyu savunmakla, tutucula\u015fmakla sonu\u00e7lanmak zorundad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fim halinde olan toplumsal ya\u015fam dinamik oldu\u011fu ve farkl\u0131 toplumlarda farkl\u0131 \u015fekiller ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusu ayn\u0131 ‘tek tip’ elbiseyi (\u00f6znel, dura\u011fan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi) giyemez\/\u00fcst\u00fcnde ta\u015f\u0131yamaz. Belli bir d\u00f6nemde, belli co\u011frafyalarda \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirici bir rol oynayan baz\u0131 kavramlar\u0131n zamanla anlam de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hatta bazen kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131na da d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc biliyoruz. Bu konuda en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rneklerden biri de ‘AYDINLANMA’ kavram\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayd\u0131nlanman\u0131n mitolojiyi yads\u0131yarak onu a\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, “modern” \u00e7a\u011fda yeni ‘mit’ler yaratarak tekrar ve farkl\u0131 bir boyutta kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini en iyi a\u00e7\u0131klayan eserlerden biri de Horkheimer ve Adorno’nun ortak eseri olan “Ayd\u0131nlanman\u0131n diyalekti\u011fi” dir. Farkl\u0131 ama ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 bir kavramla Marks da burjuvazinin tarihteki ikili rol\u00fcne vurgu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeden\/gericile\u015fmeden \u00f6nce, \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirici bir rol oynayan (ki Marks, bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in burjuvazinin tarihsel devrimci rol\u00fcne dikkat \u00e7eker) burjuvazinin iktidar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra nas\u0131l tutucula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere kar\u015f\u0131 olumsuz bir tutum tak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. Ayd\u0131nlanma ile burjuvaziyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 ve onlar gibi ikili bir karaktere sahip olan kavramlardan biri de M\u0130LL\u0130YET\u00c7\u0130L\u0130K\u2019tir.<\/p>\n
Milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin ikili ve kar\u015f\u0131t karakterine vurgu yap\u0131l\u0131rken, ‘ezen ulus milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi-ezilen ulus milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi’ ve ‘negatif milliyet\u00e7ilik-pozitif milliyet\u00e7ilik’ gibi ay\u0131r\u0131mlar, hakl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\/yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Farkl\u0131 bir ifadeyle, ‘egemenlik kurmak\/s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in milliyet\u00e7ilik’ ile ‘egemenlikten kurtulmak i\u00e7in milliyet\u00e7ilik’ ayn\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeye tabi tutulamaz\/tutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Biri \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131tlayan\/yok eden bir i\u015fleve sahipken di\u011feri \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftiricidir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0Dev\u015firme k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn egemen oldu\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye’de “ayd\u0131n” olmak, kendi tarihine\/k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne s\u0131rt \u00e7evirmekle olanakl\u0131 olabiliyor ancak. K\u00fcrd sorununun tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 her platformda, g\u00f6rece en ayd\u0131n olanlar\u0131n\u0131n da s\u0131kl\u0131kla i\u015faret ettikleri,’K\u00fcrd milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi tehlikesi’ veya ‘her t\u00fcrl\u00fc milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131y\u0131m’ s\u00f6yleminin temel nedeni, sistemle aralar\u0131na yeteri kadar mesafe koymam\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Sistemle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 koparmam\u0131\u015f insanlar\u0131n ‘ayd\u0131n’ olma iddias\u0131, iddia olmaktan \u00f6te bir anlam ifade etmemektedir. \u0130lgin\u00e7 olan, K\u00fcrd “ayd\u0131n”\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131 yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ve K\u00fcrdler ad\u0131na konu\u015fma olana\u011f\u0131 verilen baz\u0131 insanlar\u0131n da, (hem sol ad\u0131na hem de din ad\u0131na) halklar\u0131n karde\u015fli\u011fine vurgu yaparlarken, ‘Ben her t\u00fcrl\u00fc milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131y\u0131m’\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k s\u00f6yleme gere\u011fi duymalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu s\u00f6ylemin i\u00e7erdi\u011fi ve sistem taraf\u0131ndan ‘olumlu, do\u011fru bir mesaj’ olarak alg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131, “her ne kadar K\u00fcrdler ad\u0131na konu\u015fsam da, sistem d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir talebim yoktur” dan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Sistem taraf\u0131ndan, \u0130mral\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla, K\u00fcrd halk\u0131na enjekte edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 analiz edildi\u011finde, ‘\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck” ad\u0131na, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirici d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve prati\u011fin yok edilmesinin ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 rahatl\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Kemalist ideolojiyi, ilk ba\u015flarda utanga\u00e7 bir tarzda savunan \u00d6calan, ciddi bir tepkiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce (ki bunda hem ‘T\u00fcrk ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n hem de DTP\/HDP y\u00f6neticilerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemeli) daha a\u00e7\u0131k, dolays\u0131z bir \u015fekilde ve pervas\u0131zca a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na h\u0131z vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
17 Eyl\u00fcl 2008 tarihli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme(!) notlar\u0131nda devletle\u015fmeye kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6yleyen \u00d6calan, 24 Ekim 2008 tarihli a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda ise, “Ben her t\u00fcrl\u00fc milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131y\u0131m. T\u00fcrk, K\u00fcrt, Arap, Alman milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi fark etmez. Hepsine kar\u015f\u0131y\u0131m, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi lanetliyorum” diyor. Hen\u00fcz \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirici rol\u00fcn\u00fc oynamayan K\u00fcrd milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ile kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bask\u0131, asimilasyon, ink\u00e2r\u0131 \u00f6n g\u00f6ren egemen devletlerin milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fini ayn\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak, hem tarihsel ger\u00e7eklikle ba\u011fda\u015fmaz hem de K\u00fcrd halk\u0131n\u0131n ulusal d\u00fczeydeki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc talebine kar\u015f\u0131 durmaktan ba\u015fka bir anlam i\u00e7ermez. \u00d6calan\u2019\u0131n milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fe dair s\u00f6zlerinde dikkat \u00e7eken bir nokta da K\u00fcrd milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin -T\u00fcrk, Arap ve Alman- milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fiyle birlikte an\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6calan\u2019\u0131 konu\u015fturan ak\u0131l hocalar\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcrd \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesine kar\u015f\u0131 nefreti dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, s\u00f6z konusu milliyet\u00e7iliklerin bir arada an\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n tesad\u00fcf\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Alman milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin, Yahudi soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131yla an\u0131lmas\u0131; Arap milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin, K\u00fcrdlere kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k bask\u0131\/ink\u00e2r\u0131 ve Halep\u00e7e gibi soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131; T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin de gayrim\u00fcslimlere (Ermeni, S\u00fcryani, Yezidi, Rum) ve K\u00fcrdlere kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve katliamlarla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmesi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00d6calan ve onu konu\u015fturanlar\u0131n ne kadar \u00e7irkin bir benzetme yapt\u0131klar\u0131 daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00a0K\u00fcrd milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi hen\u00fcz \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirici rol\u00fcn\u00fc oynamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu rol, ancak iktidar olmakla\/devletle\u015fmekle oynanabilir. K\u00fcrd milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi iktidar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131na da d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmemi\u015ftir; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla onu mahk\u00fbm etmemizi gerektirecek olumsuzluklar i\u00e7ermemektedir. Ama \u00d6calan, ‘Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z K\u00fcrdistan’ s\u00f6ylemiyle yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u0131\u015flayan bir noktada oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr; bu nedenle de onu mahk\u00fbm etmemiz i\u00e7in gere\u011finden \u00e7ok neden vard\u0131r. \u00d6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirici \u00f6zelli\u011fini koruyan K\u00fcrd milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fini onaylamak i\u00e7in milliyet\u00e7i olmak da gerekmiyor.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsan\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesinden yana olan hi\u00e7bir d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc K\u00fcrd milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 olumsuz bir tutum tak\u0131namaz\/tak\u0131nmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunu yapanlar, genel anlamda dillendirdikleri\/ama\u00e7lad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla \u00e7eli\u015firler. Dahas\u0131, K\u00fcrd milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin yerel anlamdaki \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirici \u00f6zelli\u011fi genel\/evrensel \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirici de\u011ferlerin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckten yana olanlar taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmesi bir tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6stergesi olur; d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ne olursa olsun…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kavramlar\u0131n birer soyutlama oldu\u011fu konusunda, bilim \u00e7evrelerinde genel bir uzla\u015f\u0131dan s\u00f6z etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde kavramsal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin ve tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n da belli bir bilgi birikimini, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel geli\u015fmi\u015flik d\u00fczeyini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi noktas\u0131nda da ciddi bir itiraza rastlanmaz. Kavramlara dair bu ortak anlay\u0131\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131n toplumsal\/politik konumlamada ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ayr\u0131\u015fman\u0131n nedenleri \u00fczerinde durmak gerekiyor. \u00d6zellikle orta\u00e7a\u011f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde egemen olan ‘nesnel […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1023834,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[31],"class_list":["post-1023833","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forum","tag-onemli"],"blocksy_meta":[],"seo_head":"\n