{"id":1025669,"date":"2023-07-12T09:51:51","date_gmt":"2023-07-12T06:51:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/darkamazi.site\/?p=1025669"},"modified":"2023-07-12T09:53:00","modified_gmt":"2023-07-12T06:53:00","slug":"1025669","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/darkamazi.site\/archives\/1025669","title":{"rendered":"Y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc Y\u0131l\u0131nda Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

1922-1923 \u2018de d\u00fczenlenen, 24 Temmuz 1923\u2019de imzalanan Lozan Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemli konular\u0131ndan biri K\u00fcrd\/K\u00fcrdistan sorunuydu. Benim kan\u0131mca Lozan Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6neli konusu K\u00fcrdistan\u2019d\u0131. Ama konferansta K\u00fcrdler temsil edilmedi. T\u00fcrk Delegasyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, Lozan Konferans\u0131 oturumlar\u0131nda K\u00fcrdlerin temsil edilmemesi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aba harcad\u0131. \u2018T\u00fcrkler-K\u00fcrdler karde\u015ftir, K\u00fcrdler de Orta Asya\u2019dan T\u00fcrklerle birlikte gelmi\u015flerdir, K\u00fcrdleri de biz temsil ediyoruz \u2026\u2019dedi. \u0130ngiliz temsilci Lord Curzon \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131ksa da \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019y\u00fc fazla s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131. O d\u00f6nem, B\u00fcy\u00fck Biritanya\u2019n\u0131n, Mustafa Kemal\u2019i, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma gibi bir niyeti olsayd\u0131 Irak\u2019ta bunu rahatl\u0131kla yapabilirlerdi. Ama hi\u00e7bir zaman b\u00f6yle yapmad\u0131. Hatta T\u00fcrk Delegasyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn isteklerini kabul etti. \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli istekleri, K\u00fcrd\/K\u00fcrdistan konusundayd\u0131. Bu istekler, K\u00fcrdlerin herhangi bir kazan\u0131m elde edememesi \u00fczerineydi.<\/p>\n

8 Temmuz 2003 g\u00fcn\u00fc Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc Y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n Gelece\u011fi Konferans\u0131,\u00a0<\/em>konulu bir toplant\u0131 d\u00fczenlendi. Konferans Haklar ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Partisi (HAK-PAR)\u00a0 K\u00fcrdistan \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Partisi (PAK), K\u00fcrdistan Demokrat Partisi (PDK),\u00a0 K\u00fcrdistan Sosyalist Partisi (PSK), TDK-TEVGER taraf\u0131ndan ortakla\u015fa d\u00fczenlendi. Konferans Diyarbak\u0131r Ticaret ve Sanayi Odas\u0131 Konferans Salonu\u2019nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Konferans s\u0131ras\u0131nda sabah ve \u00f6\u011fleden sonra iki oturum yap\u0131ld\u0131. Sabah ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ilk oturumda, \u0130smail Be\u015fikci, Mehmet Bayrak,\u00a0 Ekrem \u00d6nen ve Moskova Akademisi K\u00fcrdoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Dr. Kirili Vertyayev bildirilerini sundular.\u00a0 Sabah yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131n\u0131 ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, Prof. Dr. Ya\u015far Abd\u00fcsselamo\u011flu\u2019nun ve Hasan Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u2019\u0131n konferansa g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi bildirilerini arkada\u015flar\u0131 okudular.<\/p>\n

Sabah yap\u0131lan topalt\u0131n\u0131n moderat\u00f6r\u00fc Seid Veroj\u2019du.<\/p>\n

\u00d6\u011fleden sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ikinci oturumda, HAK-PAR Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 D\u00fczg\u00fcn Kaplan,\u00a0 PAK Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mustafa \u00d6z\u00e7elik,\u00a0 PSK Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Bayram Bozyel, TDK-TEVGER Temsilcisi Mehmet Can Azbay konu\u015ftular. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde programda, PDK Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Re\u015fit Ak\u0131c\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131 da\u00a0 vard\u0131. Ama Re\u015fid Ak\u0131c\u0131 konferansa kat\u0131lmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00d6\u011fleden sonra yap\u0131lan ikinci oturumun\u00a0 moderat\u00f6r\u00fc Hanifi Eren\u2019di.<\/p>\n

Sabah ve \u00f6\u011fleden sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen her iki oturum da ilgiyle dikkatle izlendi. Solondaki b\u00fct\u00fcn sandalyeler doluydu. Salonun her iki taraf\u0131nda ve arka\u00a0 taraflar\u0131nda ayakta veya herhangi bir k\u00f6\u015feye oturarak izleyenler de izleyenler de vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ***<\/p>\n

1922-1923 \u2018de d\u00fczenlenen, 24 Temmuz 1923\u2019de imzalanan Lozan Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemli konular\u0131ndan biri K\u00fcrd\/K\u00fcrdistan sorunuydu. Benim kan\u0131mca Lozan Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6neli konusu K\u00fcrdistan\u2019d\u0131. Ama konferansta K\u00fcrdler temsil edilmedi. T\u00fcrk Delegasyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, Lozan Konferans\u0131 oturumlar\u0131nda K\u00fcrdlerin temsil edilmemesi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aba harcad\u0131.\u00a0\u2018T\u00fcrkler-K\u00fcrdler karde\u015ftir, K\u00fcrdler de Orta Asya\u2019dan T\u00fcrklerle birlikte gelmi\u015flerdir, K\u00fcrdleri de biz temsil ediyoruz<\/em>\u00a0\u2026\u2019dedi. \u0130ngiliz temsilci Lord Curzon \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131ksa da \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019y\u00fc fazla s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131. O d\u00f6nem, B\u00fcy\u00fck Biritanya\u2019n\u0131n, Mustafa Kemal\u2019i, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma gibi bir niyeti olsayd\u0131 Irak\u2019ta bunu rahatl\u0131kla yapabilirlerdi. Ama hi\u00e7bir zaman b\u00f6yle yapmad\u0131. Hatta T\u00fcrk Delegasyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn isteklerini kabul etti. \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli istekleri,\u00a0 K\u00fcrd\/K\u00fcrdistan konusundayd\u0131. Bu istekler, K\u00fcrdlerin herhangi bir kazan\u0131m elde edememesi \u00fczerineydi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0***<\/p>\n

Bu konferansta\u00a0 \u015funlar\u0131 belirtmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m: Nisan 1916\u2019da, B\u00fcy\u00fck Biritanya ile Fransa aras\u0131nda Sykes-Picot Anla\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu gizli bir antla\u015fmayd\u0131. Bu gizli antla\u015fmaya daha sonra Rusya da kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu gizli antla\u015fmay\u0131 1917 Ekim Devrimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Trocki de\u015fifre etmi\u015fti. Bu gizli antla\u015fmayla, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki, Mezopotamya\u2019daki topraklar\u0131 \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu. B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Irak, \u00dcrd\u00fcn, Filistin manda devletleri kuruluyordu. Fransa\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ise\u00a0 Suriye, L\u00fcbnan manda devletleri kuruluyordu. Manda kavram\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrge olarak de\u011ferlendirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu gizli antla\u015fmayla Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki K\u00fcrdistan topraklar\u0131 yeni kurulan, Irak,\u00a0 Suriye aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu. 24 Temmuz 1923\u2019de imzalana Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile, bu gizli anla\u015fma, uluslararas\u0131 bir antla\u015fma\u00a0 olarak, hukuki olarak ya\u015fama ge\u00e7iriliyordu.<\/p>\n

Burada sormam\u0131z gereken\u00a0 \u00f6nemli soru \u015fudur: \u2018Neden bir\u00a0 K\u00fcrdistan kurulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/em>?\u2019 Kald\u0131 ki o\u00a0 d\u00f6nemde, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n G\u00fcneyi\u2019nde \u015eeyh Mahmut Berzenci, \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye \u015funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu: \u2018Ben K\u00fcrdistan Karal\u0131y\u0131m. Beni K\u00fcrdistan Kral\u0131 olarak tan\u0131y\u0131n\u2019<\/p>\n

D\u00f6nenim emperyal g\u00fc\u00e7leri, B\u00fcy\u00fck Biritanya ve Fransa ise, de\u011fil, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir K\u00fcrdistan, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge bir K\u00fcrdistan bir tasarlamad\u0131lar. K\u00fcrdlere, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a hi\u00e7bir stat\u00fc verilmedi.\u00a0 K\u00fcrdler, K\u00fcrdistan b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc, par\u00e7aland\u0131, payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. D\u00f6nemin emparyal g\u00fc\u00e7leri, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini her zaman g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurdular.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde, Mekke \u015eerifi H\u00fcseyin, Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan ayr\u0131l\u0131p ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir Arap devleti kurmak i\u00e7in \u0130ngilizlerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yap\u0131yordu. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n G\u00fcneyinde \u015eeyh Mahmud Berzenci ise, \u2018esaret alt\u0131ndaki \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 kurtaraca\u011f\u0131z, esir olan Halife\u2019yi kurtaraca\u011f\u0131z\u2019 diyerek \u0130ngilizlerle sava\u015f\u0131yordu<\/em>. Bu d\u00f6nemde K\u00fcrdistan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc defa b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc, par\u00e7aland\u0131, payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcnme, par\u00e7alanma, payla\u015f\u0131lma bize \u015funu g\u00f6stermektedir: Bir ulus, tarihin belirli bir d\u00f6neminde b\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin, par\u00e7alanman\u0131n, payla\u015f\u0131lman\u0131n hedefi olmu\u015fsa, bu art\u0131k, kedini \u00fcreten \u00e7o\u011faltan bir etki yaratmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Yavuz Sulatan Selim ile \u015eah \u0130smail aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u00c7ald\u0131ran Sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde K\u00fcrdler, K\u00fcrdistan fiili olarak ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcnde 1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ve \u0130ran \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu aras\u0131na yap\u0131lan Kasr-\u0131 \u015eirin Andla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla \u00a0hukuki bir yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\u00a0 Bu, K\u00fcrdlerin, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, birinci payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde, 1812-1813 Rus-\u0130ran\u00a0 sava\u015flar\u0131 sonunda \u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer alan K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n Kuzey kesimlerinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc,\u00a0 \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n denetimi alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1813\u2019de yap\u0131lan G\u00fclistan andla\u015fmas\u0131yla bu ili\u015fki hukuki bir yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu andla\u015fmaya ra\u011fmen Rus-\u0130ran Sava\u015flar\u0131 1827-1829 y\u0131llar\u0131nda da devam etmi\u015ftir. 1829\u2019da yap\u0131lan T\u00fcrkmen\u00e7ay Andla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla \u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer alan Kurdistan\u2019\u0131n kuzey kesimleri tamamen \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n denetimi alt\u0131na\u00a0 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu, K\u00fcrdlerin, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019in ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, ikinci payla\u015f\u0131mad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

24 Temmuz 1923\u2019de yap\u0131lan Lozan Andla\u015fmas\u0131 ile \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcnme, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc payla\u015f\u0131ma ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Muas\u0131r Medeniyet Seviyesi\u2019ne Ula\u015fmak<\/em><\/p>\n

1919-1922 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7ekle\u015fen Milli M\u00fccadele y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Mustafa Kemal K\u00fcrdleri de m\u00fccadeleye katmak i\u00e7in, \u2018m\u00fccadelemiz ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra K\u00fcrdlere de milli haklar\u0131 verilecek<\/em>\u2019 yollu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yap\u0131yordu. Ama Lozan Andla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131ndan sonra, Mustafa Kemal ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 bu s\u00f6zlerini unuttular. K\u00fcrdlere, K\u00fcrd\u00e7e\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok yo\u011fun, yayg\u0131n bir asimilasyon uygulamaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. K\u00fcrdlerin, K\u00fcrd\u00e7e\u2019nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 inkar ediliyordu. Misak-\u0131 Milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan herkesin T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fu, Orta Asya\u2019dan geldi\u011fi vurgulan\u0131yordu. K\u00fcrdleri, dilleriyle k\u00fclt\u00fcrleriyle\u00a0 tarihlerden, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden, tarihlerden silmek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir\u00a0 uygulama olmu\u015ftu. B\u00f6yle bir uygulama\u00a0 Muas\u0131r Medeniyet Seviyesi\u2019ne \u00e7\u0131kma anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n neresinde durmaktad\u0131r? Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 dikkatlerden uzak tutulabilir mi?<\/p>\n

Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrlerin ulusal kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesini, Filistinli Araplar\u0131n ulusal kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadeleleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak, K\u00fcrdler ve K\u00fcrdistan hakk\u0131ndaki\u00a0 bilgilerimizi \u00e7o\u011faltmaktad\u0131r. Afrika s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerinin ulusal kurtulu\u015f\u00a0 m\u00fccadeleleriyle K\u00fcrd kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak, yine K\u00fcrdler, hakk\u0131ndaki, K\u00fcrdistan hakk\u0131ndaki bilgilerimizi \u00e7o\u011faltmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu konuda k\u0131saca \u015funlar s\u00f6ylenebilir: Filistinli Araplar\u0131n Ortado\u011fu\u2019da tek hasm\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u0130srail. Ama 22\u00a0 Arap devleti, 57 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devlet Filistinli Araplar\u0131 hem maddi olarak hem siyasi, ekonomik, askeri olarak desteklemektedir. Ama K\u00fcrdlerin durumu b\u00f6yle de\u011fildir. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n K\u00fcrdlerin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi, par\u00e7alanmas\u0131, payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 K\u00fcrdleri dostsuz b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f has\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7o\u011faltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1960\u2019larda Mele Mustafa Barzani \u00f6nderli\u011finde\u00a0 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen K\u00fcrd Ulusal Kurtulu\u015f M\u00fccadelesi\u2019nde K\u00fcrdlere yard\u0131m eden bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6m\u00fcrge Bir Stat\u00fcd\u00fcr. K\u00fcrdistan S\u00f6m\u00fcrge Bile De\u011fildir<\/em><\/p>\n

S\u00f6m\u00fcrge bir stat\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda, \u2018Kenya, Tanzanya, Gana vs. B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeleridir\u2019\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0denirdi. \u2018Senegal Fransa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesidir\u2019\u00a0<\/em>denirdi. Bu \u015fu anlama geliyor: Kenya, Tanzanya, Gana, Senegal gibi \u00fclkeler var. Bu \u00fclkeler s\u0131n\u0131rlarla birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar \u00e7ok \u00f6nce \u00e7izilmi\u015f. Bu \u00fclkeyi, kendi ekonomik veya siyasal ihtiyac\u0131 do\u011frultusunda \u0130ngiltere veya Fransa y\u00f6netiyor. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar o \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in bir stat\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrdistan i\u00e7in bunlar\u0131 s\u00f6yleyemiyoruz. K\u00fcrdistan, b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f, par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f, payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Hi\u00e7bir stat\u00fcye sahip de\u011fil. Bu,\u00a0\u2018K\u00fcrdlerin, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n asimile edilmeye haz\u0131r bir hale getirilmes<\/em>i\u2019 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu bizi, Afrika\u2019da s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerin kuruldu\u011fu d\u00f6neme g\u00f6t\u00fcrmektedir. 16. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren Avrupal\u0131lar Afrika\u2019ya ayak basmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u00d6nce Hollandal\u0131lar, Danimarkal\u0131lar, daha sonra \u0130spanyollar, Portekizliler, 18. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren \u0130ngilizler, Frans\u0131zlar, 19 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren, Almanlar, \u0130talyanlar Afrika\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerine ayak bas\u0131lar. Herkes yerle\u015fti\u011fi koloniler kurdu\u011fu bu b\u00f6lgeleri geni\u015fletmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu konularda\u00a0 anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar da oluyordu.<\/p>\n

1886\u2019da Berlin\u2019de s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen bu devletlerin temsilcileri topland\u0131lar. Bu kongrede\u00a0 Afrika devletlerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00e7izildi. Bug\u00fcn Afrika\u2019da 57 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z\u00a0 devlet var. Bu devletlerin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen bu Berlin Kongresi\u2019nde\u00a0 \u00e7izildi. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra Afrika\u00a0 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeleri bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar \u00fczerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n

11 Mart 1970\u2019de, Mele Mustafa Barzani ille Saddam H\u00fcseyin aras\u0131nda\u00a0 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6zerkli\u011fi konusunda anla\u015fma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

2005 tarihli Irak Anayasas\u0131 md. 140 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6zerkli\u011fi konusundayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

11 Mart 1970 tarihli anla\u015fma ya\u015fama ge\u00e7medi. 2005 tarihli Irak Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 140 maddesi uygulanmad\u0131. Bunlar K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 belirtme \u00e7abalar\u0131yd\u0131. Ya\u015fama ge\u00e7medi. 25 Eyl\u00fcl 2017 Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Referandumu y\u00fczde 93 kabule ra\u011fmen ya\u015fam bulmad\u0131. Bu s\u00fcrecin olumsuzlukla neticelenmesinin bir\u00e7ok nedeni olabilir. \u0130ran, T\u00fcrkiye, Suriye h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin Irak\u2019\u0131n politikas\u0131n\u0131 etkilemesinin \u00f6nemli bir neden oldu\u011funu vurgulamak gerekir. Afrika s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerinde ise s\u0131n\u0131rlar ta 1886\u2019da Berlin Kongresi\u2019nde \u00e7izilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrdlerin Kurumsalla\u015fm\u0131\u015f Zaaflar\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, K\u00fcrdlerin zaaflar\u0131ndan da s\u00f6z etmek gerekir. K\u00fcrd co\u011frafyas\u0131, Bat\u0131\u2019dan Do\u011fu\u2019ya, Do\u011fu\u2019dan Bat\u0131\u2019ya do\u011fru geni\u015flemek isteyen devletlerin, imparatorluklar\u0131n ak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015f alanlar\u0131 \u00fczerindeydi. Kitlesel g\u00f6\u00e7lerin\u00a0 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ge\u00e7i\u015f yollar\u0131 da K\u00fcrdistan\u2019dayd\u0131. K\u00fcrdistan her zaman Asya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6llerinden\u00a0 veya K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019dan ka\u00e7anlarla onlar\u0131 kovalayanlar\u0131n\u00a0 sava\u015f alan\u0131 halindeydi. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Osmanl\u0131-Safevi sava\u015flar\u0131 her zaman K\u00fcrdistan topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyordu. Ayr\u0131ca her iki taraf\u0131n da K\u00fcrdlerden dev\u015firdi\u011fi ordular\u00a0 vard\u0131. K\u00fcrdlerden dev\u015firilen bu ordular\u0131n biri \u0130ran ad\u0131na, biri Osmanl\u0131 ad\u0131na, \u0130ran ve Osmanl\u0131 komutanlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6nlendirmesiyle birbirleriyle sava\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, K\u00fcrdler, hi\u00e7bir zaman kendileri olma gibi bir tutum i\u00e7ine girmediler. K\u00fcrd a\u015firet reisleri, de\u011ferli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, filozof Ehmed\u00ea Xani\u2019nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin, \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bilincine varmad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrdler, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a herhangi bir sald\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu zaman, bu sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 birle\u015ferek, birle\u015fik bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olu\u015fturarak cevap vermiyorlard\u0131. Bilakis da\u011f\u0131larak, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alara ayr\u0131larak, da\u011flar\u0131n zirvelerine \u00e7\u0131karak veya vadilerin diplerine inerek, gizlenerek sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n hedefi olmamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Da\u011flar\u0131n zirvelerindeki veya vadilerin diplerindeki yerel egemenlik alanlar\u0131n\u0131 birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131kla koruyorlard\u0131. K\u00fcrd a\u015firetleri burada tek ba\u015flar\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir \u015fekilde\u00a0 ya\u015fam s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek istiyorlard\u0131. A\u015firetlerin,\u00a0 Farkl\u0131 a\u015firetlerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi geli\u015ftirmek, kom\u015fu a\u015firetlerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi geli\u015ftirmek gibi bir tutumlar\u0131 yoktu. K\u00fcrdler, kendi topraklar\u0131nda iki ordu \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, birle\u015ferek, kendileri olarak, sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 defetme gibi tutum sergilemiyorlard\u0131, iki g\u00fc\u00e7ten birinin yan\u0131nda yer alarak ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine ve eylemine tabi oluyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bunlar elbette \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck zaaflard\u0131r. Bu zaaflar, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar neden bir K\u00fcrd devleti olu\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da\u00a0 anlatmaktad\u0131r. Hasan Y\u0131ld\u0131z, \u2018Suyu Arayan Halklar, A\u015firetten Ulusall\u0131\u011fa\u00a0 Do\u011fru K\u00fcrtler\u2019\u00a0 (Doz\/H\u00eevda, Haziran 2023, \u0130stanbul) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda,\u00a0 bu ili\u015fkileri etrafl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde analiz etmektedir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 daha sonraki bir yaz\u0131da ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde irdelemek niyetindeyim.<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131 Nerina Azad’tan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, orjinaline \u015fu linkten ula\u015fa bilirsiniz: https:\/\/www.nerinaazad2.com\/tr\/columnists\/ismail-besikci\/yuzuncu-yilinda-lozan-antlasmasi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1922-1923 \u2018de d\u00fczenlenen, 24 Temmuz 1923\u2019de imzalanan Lozan Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemli konular\u0131ndan biri K\u00fcrd\/K\u00fcrdistan sorunuydu. Benim kan\u0131mca Lozan Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6neli konusu K\u00fcrdistan\u2019d\u0131. Ama konferansta K\u00fcrdler temsil edilmedi. T\u00fcrk Delegasyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, Lozan Konferans\u0131 oturumlar\u0131nda K\u00fcrdlerin temsil edilmemesi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aba harcad\u0131. \u2018T\u00fcrkler-K\u00fcrdler karde\u015ftir, K\u00fcrdler de Orta Asya\u2019dan T\u00fcrklerle birlikte gelmi\u015flerdir, K\u00fcrdleri de biz […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1025670,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[31],"class_list":["post-1025669","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forum","tag-onemli"],"blocksy_meta":[],"seo_head":"\nY\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc Y\u0131l\u0131nda Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 - Darka Mazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/darkamazi.site\/archives\/1025669\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc Y\u0131l\u0131nda Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 - Darka Mazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1922-1923 \u2018de d\u00fczenlenen, 24 Temmuz 1923\u2019de imzalanan Lozan Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemli konular\u0131ndan biri K\u00fcrd\/K\u00fcrdistan sorunuydu. 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