19. ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l K\u00fcrd tarihini ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, Abd\u00fcsselam Barzani, K\u00fcrdlerin ilk modern milliyet\u00e7isidir. Bir ba\u015fka ifade ile modern talepleri olan ilk geleneksel milliyet\u00e7i liderdir. \u0130lk demokrat liderdir. Daha ileri giderek s\u00f6yleyebiliriz ki e\u015fit payla\u015f\u0131m d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ilk sosyalist lider olarak da adland\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Kendi ki\u015fisel egemenli\u011fini \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmadan, halk\u0131n ve b\u00f6lgenin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 egemen merkezden resmi ve a\u00e7\u0131k olarak talep eden ilk liderdir.<\/p>\n
\u015eeyh Muhammed Barzani 1868 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fan ilk o\u011fluna babas\u0131n\u0131n ismi olan Abd\u00fcsselam ismini koyar.\u00a0\u00a0 Bundand\u0131r ki tarih\u00e7iler 2. Abd\u00fcsselam Barzani olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar. 2. Abd\u00fcsselam, Muhammed Barzani\u2019nin 5 o\u011flundan en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr. Sonradan do\u011fan di\u011fer karde\u015fleri Ahmet, Mehmet S\u0131dd\u0131k, Babo ve en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckleri Mustafa Barzani\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
\u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu Barzani toplulu\u011fu asl\u0131nda bir a\u015firet de\u011fil, \u015feyh ailesinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, taraftarlar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla di\u011fer kom\u015fu a\u015firetlerden ayr\u0131lan k\u00f6yl\u00fclerdi. Aralar\u0131nda akrabal\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, topra\u011fa dayal\u0131 ve manevi ba\u011flar bulunuyordu. Barzani \u015feyhleri, a\u015firet bask\u0131s\u0131ndan ka\u00e7an insanlar\u0131n s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 manevi bir kap\u0131yd\u0131. Bir taraftan s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele ederken di\u011fer taraftan b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak a\u011falar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 da m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir. Bunun i\u00e7indir ki Mesut Barzani, 1961 kalk\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in anti-s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci-anti-feodal kalk\u0131\u015fma diyor.<\/p>\n
\u015eeyh Muhammed Barzani 1903 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcnce yerine b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu Abd\u00fcsselam oturur. \u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam Barzani, 1903 y\u0131l\u0131ndan idam edildi\u011fi 1914 y\u0131l\u0131na kadarki k\u0131sa d\u00f6nem i\u00e7inde, sonraki ku\u015faklara toplumun \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 esas alan bir m\u00fccadele miras\u0131 b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam Barzani, liderli\u011fine soyundu\u011fu K\u00fcrt toplumu ve b\u00f6lge i\u00e7in \u00f6ncekilerden farkl\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131k ve yerinde taleplerle egemen devletin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in 14 Aral\u0131k 1914 tarihinde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti taraf\u0131ndan Musul\u2019da idam edildi.<\/p>\n
19. ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l K\u00fcrd tarihini ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, Abd\u00fcsselam Barzani, K\u00fcrdlerin ilk modern milliyet\u00e7isidir. Bir ba\u015fka ifade ile modern talepleri olan ilk geleneksel milliyet\u00e7i liderdir. \u0130lk demokrat liderdir. Daha ileri giderek s\u00f6yleyebiliriz ki e\u015fit payla\u015f\u0131m d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ilk sosyalist lider olarak da adland\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Kendi ki\u015fisel egemenli\u011fini \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmadan, halk\u0131n ve b\u00f6lgenin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 egemen merkezden resmi ve a\u00e7\u0131k olarak talep eden ilk liderdir.<\/p>\n
2. Abd\u00fcsselam, babas\u0131n\u0131n yerini ald\u0131ktan sonra ilk i\u015fi etkin oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgede toprak b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc olur. Kendisine de her aileye ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar toprak ay\u0131r\u0131r. Bu e\u015fit b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm b\u00f6lgedeki b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahiplerini ve \u015feyhleri \u00e7ok rahats\u0131z ederken, b\u00f6lge insan\u0131n\u0131n Barzanilere y\u00f6nelik sevgisini sayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca Abd\u00fcsselam, ba\u015fl\u0131k paras\u0131 ve iraded\u0131\u015f\u0131 evlili\u011fi yasaklar. Camileri ayd\u0131nlanma merkezi haline getirir. Dini ve ilmi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara \u00f6nem verilen Barzan Medreselerinde \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuku, medeni hukuk, ekonomi politik konular\u0131n yan\u0131nda K\u00fcrt\u00e7e ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere hem b\u00f6lge hem de di\u011fer dillerde e\u011fitim verilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
\u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam Barzani, \u015eeyh Nur Muhammed Birifkani ile birlikte 1907 y\u0131l\u0131 bahar\u0131nda toplan\u0131p taleplerini haz\u0131rlarlar. Telgrafla bu taleplerini Osmanl\u0131 merkezine, \u0130stanbul\u2019daki siyasi K\u00fcrt \u015fahsiyetlere ve K\u00fcrt diplomat \u015eerif Pa\u015fa\u2019ya da g\u00f6nderirler.<\/p>\n
19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flayan \u00f6nceki K\u00fcrd isyanlar\u0131nda, bir tarafta isyan haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken di\u011fer tarafta Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya ve hilafete ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k bildirmek, ince bir siyaset kabul ediliyordu. K\u00fcrd halk\u0131 ad\u0131na k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, idari, siyasi ve ekonomi vb. konularla ilgili bu kadar a\u00e7\u0131k ve net talepler dile getirilmemi\u015fti. \u00d6nceki isyan liderleri halk\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil, \u015fahs\u0131 ve ailesinin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yordu. \u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 makamlar\u0131na bildirdi\u011fi talepleri ise K\u00fcrd halk\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgeyi esas alan ilk milliyet\u00e7i taleplerdir.<\/p>\n
Taleplerde \u015funlar vard\u0131:<\/p>\n
1-K\u00fcrd b\u00f6lgelerinde K\u00fcrd\u00e7enin resmi dil olarak kabul edilmesi.<\/p>\n
2-E\u011fitimin K\u00fcrd\u00e7e yap\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n
3-Kaymakamlar\u0131n, nahiye m\u00fcd\u00fcrlerinin ve di\u011fer memurlar\u0131n K\u00fcrd\u00e7eyi iyi derecede bilenlerden tayin edilmesi<\/p>\n
4-Devletin dininin \u0130slam olmas\u0131 sebebiyle mahkemelerde verilen h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin \u0130slam \u015feriat\u0131na g\u00f6re verilmesi<\/p>\n
5-B\u00f6lgeden al\u0131nan vergilerin K\u00fcrd b\u00f6lgelerindeki yollar\u0131n onar\u0131m\u0131 ve okullar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n
\u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam, kendi d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re, \u00f6zellikle de K\u00fcrdler aras\u0131nda benzeri az rastlan\u0131r ilerici bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye sahipti. Yapmak istedikleri o d\u00f6neme g\u00f6re bir devrim niteli\u011findeydi. Yukar\u0131da Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019\u0131n milliyet\u00e7i-demokrat-b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmc\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n temel dayana\u011f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki talep ve hedefleridir:<\/p>\n
1-M\u00fclkiyetin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n
2-Topraklar\u0131n \u00e7ift\u00e7ilere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n
3-Ba\u015fl\u0131k paras\u0131 ve zorla evliliklere son verilmesi<\/p>\n
4-Sosyal ili\u015fkilerin adalet ve e\u015fitlik esas\u0131na g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenmesi<\/p>\n
5-Her k\u00f6yde bir mescidin kurulmas\u0131, bu mescitlerin dini farzlar\u0131n yerine getirildi\u011fi yerler olmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, sosyal merkezler, isti\u015fare yerleri ve k\u00f6yl\u00fcler aras\u0131ndaki ihtilaflar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm mercileri olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n
6-K\u00f6y meselelerini her y\u00f6nden ele al\u0131p \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemek \u00fczere ba\u015f\u0131na sorumlu tayin edilmesi<\/p>\n
7-Her a\u015firetten silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na sorumlu ki\u015filerin tayin edilmesi.<\/p>\n
Brifkan k\u00f6y\u00fcndeki toplant\u0131da al\u0131nan kararlara uygun olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan talepler, herhangi silahl\u0131 bir kalk\u0131\u015fma olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni \u00e7ok \u00fcrk\u00fctt\u00fcr. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, bunun ne kadar \u201ctehlikeli\u201d bir giri\u015fim oldu\u011funun fark\u0131nda olarak, K\u00fcrdlerin bu taleplerinin devlete kar\u015f\u0131 bir isyan, bir ayr\u0131l\u0131k talebi olarak de\u011ferlendirerek b\u00f6lgeye askeri sevkiyat ba\u015flatt\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 Devlet akl\u0131, bir K\u00fcrd Miri\u2019nin, a\u015firet reisinin veya \u015feyhin kendisinin ve ailesinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda baz\u0131 taleplerinin olmas\u0131n\u0131 unvan ve r\u00fc\u015fvetlerle giderilebilece\u011fini bilir ve bunu \u00e7ok tehlikeli bir olay saymaz ama \u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019\u0131n bu taleplerini tehlikeli ve ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 talepler olarak kabul eder. Askeri kuvvetler b\u00f6lgeye sevk edilir.<\/p>\n
\u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam b\u00f6lgeyi terk etmek zorunda kal\u0131r ve Teyari b\u00f6lgesine, Mar \u015eemun\u2019un b\u00f6lgesine s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetleri b\u00f6lgeyi yak\u0131p y\u0131kar, halk\u0131n mal\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011fmalar, kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 dahi tutsak eder. Silahl\u0131 Barzaniler ise da\u011flara \u00e7ekilir. Bu olayda hen\u00fcz \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir \u00e7ocuk olan Mustafa Barzani de annesiyle birlikte Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetlerinin yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 esirler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Annesiyle birlikte Musul hapishanesine at\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam 1908 tarihinde Barzan\u2019a geri d\u00f6ner ve adamlar\u0131n\u0131 Barzan\u2019\u0131n kuzeyindeki \u015eirin Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki Welat\u00eaj\u00ear denilen yerde toplar. B\u00f6lgedeki Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetlerine gerilla sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131r ve \u015fiddetli bir bask\u0131n d\u00fczenler. Osmanl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri, beklenmedik bu sald\u0131r\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bozguna u\u011frarlar ve b\u00f6ylece b\u00f6lge t\u00fcm\u00fcyle Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetlerinden temizlenir. Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenli ordusu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na hep d\u00fczenli cephe sava\u015f\u0131 veren eski \u00f6rneklerden farkl\u0131 olarak gerilla sava\u015f\u0131 veren \u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019\u0131n kuvvetleri Osmanl\u0131 ordusuna a\u011f\u0131r zayiatlar verdirir.<\/p>\n
Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck zaferin ard\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme talebinde bulunur. Musul Valili\u011fine Naz\u0131m Pa\u015fa atan\u0131nca Albay Saffet Bey\u2019in de giri\u015fimleri ile normalle\u015fme s\u00fcrecine girilir. Taraflar aras\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flar. Bar\u0131\u015f gere\u011fince kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak tutuklular serbest b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti b\u00f6lgeye verdi\u011fi zararlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar. Abd\u00fcsselam Barzani\u2019nin itibar\u0131 iade edilir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki \u00f6rneklerden elde etti\u011fi tecr\u00fcbeyle \u015eeyh\u2019i de sat\u0131n alabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek, 17 A\u011fustos 1913\u2019te Sultan Re\u015fad,\u00a0 Abd\u00fcssel\u00e2m Barzani\u2019ye \u2018D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc R\u00fctbeden Osmanl\u0131 Ni\u015fan\u0131\u2019 g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\n
12. Tabur komutan\u0131 ve Musul Valisi Mirliva Esat Pa\u015fa b\u00f6lgenin sorumlulu\u011funu vek\u00e2letten \u00fcstlendi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z bir siyaset uygular. \u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam, Barzan\u2019da modern e\u011fitim kurumu ve k\u00fclliye in\u015fa eder. K\u00f6yler tekrardan in\u015fa edilir, tekke tekrar faaliyete ge\u00e7irilir ve ilk defa \u00e7ocuklar okusun diye k\u00f6yde bir modern mektep in\u015fa edilir.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netiminde etkin olan \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar b\u00f6lgedeki geli\u015fmelerden rahats\u0131zlar. Etkisi artan \u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019\u0131 etkisizle\u015ftirmek ve ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in Musul valili\u011fine Diyarbak\u0131rl\u0131 S\u00fcleyman Nazif\u2019i atarlar. S\u00fcleyman Nazif, diz \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcrmek ve ezmek i\u00e7in \u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019\u0131 huzuruna \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r. \u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 geri \u00e7evirir. Bunu bahane olarak kullanan S\u00fcleyman Nazif Barzan\u2019a b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ordu g\u00f6nderir. Barzan\u2019\u0131 ku\u015fatmaya al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eeyh, zaman kaybetmeden 225 sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131yla M\u00eargesor yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda d\u00f6rt taburdan olu\u015fan Osmanl\u0131 birliklerine sald\u0131r\u0131r ve Osmanl\u0131 birli\u011fini darmada\u011f\u0131n eder. Bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada Osmanl\u0131 taraf\u0131 90 \u00f6l\u00fc ve yaral\u0131 verirken, Barzaniler 10 \u00f6l\u00fc ve iki yaral\u0131 verir. Ancak Osmanl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin askeri ve silah bak\u0131m\u0131ndan katbekat \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Abd\u00fcsselam g\u00fc\u00e7lerini geri \u00e7ekmek zorunda kal\u0131r. \u015eiddetli \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma bir ay s\u00fcrer. Osmanl\u0131 ordusu Barzan\u2019a girer. Her taraf\u0131 yak\u0131p y\u0131kar. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, Hristiyan ve Ezidi k\u0131zlar\u0131 toplama askerlerine ganimet olarak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eeyh, Bile k\u00f6y\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda di\u011fer bir Osmanl\u0131 birli\u011fine sald\u0131r\u0131r ve ard\u0131ndan 300 sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla birlikte \u0130ran’a ge\u00e7er. 15 Nisan 1914 ak\u015fam\u0131 Abd\u00fcsselam U\u015fneviye (\u015eino) yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Sengan k\u00f6y\u00fcne ula\u015f\u0131r. Bu arada Osmanl\u0131 birlikleri Barzan’a girerek yak\u0131p y\u0131kar. Barzan’da 400 k\u00f6y yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, kad\u0131nlar ve \u00e7ocuklar tarafs\u0131z kom\u015fu a\u015firetlerin topraklar\u0131na ka\u00e7mak zorunda kal\u0131rlar. Osmanl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun \u015eeyhi ele ge\u00e7irmenin pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015ferler.<\/p>\n
\u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam Barzani Ruslar\u0131n Kontrol\u00fcnde<\/strong><\/p>\n \u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam ve ailesi sa\u011flam bir \u015fekilde Rus ve \u0130ranl\u0131 yetkililerce s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgesinden Urmiye’ye ge\u00e7irilerek Rejan k\u00f6y\u00fcne yerle\u015ftirilir. Ruslar, Abd\u00fcsselam i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131larla bir problem ya\u015famak istemedi\u011finden Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019a Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na girmemesi kayd\u0131yla kendisini koruyacaklar\u0131n\u0131 bildirirler. \u015eeyh\u2019in Urmiye\u2019de Rus Albay Andriyevski\u2019nin evine yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fi orada \u00e7ekilmi\u015f (Barzani aile ar\u015fivinde yer alan) bir foto\u011fraftan anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131-\u0130ran ve Ruslar aras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan \u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019\u0131n teslim edilmesi \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen m\u00fczakerede Osmanl\u0131 ve \u0130ran temsilcilerinin anla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 fakat Ruslar\u0131n ayn\u0131 fikirde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Vvedinski\u2019nin Petersburg\u2019a \u00e7ekti\u011fi telgraftan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu telgrafta: \u201cBize b\u00fcy\u00fck umutlar ba\u011flayan ve Mar \u015eem’un Nasturi b\u00f6lgesinde (Asuri b\u00f6lgesi) bize hizmette bulunaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc veren \u015eeyh’in T\u00fcrklere teslim edilmesinin kesinlikle engellenmesi gerekiyor<\/em>\u201d ifadeleri yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n Ruslar \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015fan bask\u0131 sonucu, Ruslar Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rarak Karada\u011f k\u00f6y\u00fcnde bir t\u00fcccar\u0131n evine yerle\u015ftirir ve gizlilik amac\u0131yla ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi yasaklan\u0131r. Ev hapsine al\u0131nan Abd\u00fcsselam durumdan rahats\u0131zl\u0131k duyar ve sakl\u0131 tutuldu\u011fu evden ka\u00e7mak i\u00e7in defalarca te\u015febb\u00fcste bulunur. Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019\u0131n beklentilerini ve amac\u0131n\u0131 anlamayan Ruslar yazd\u0131klar\u0131 raporlarla \u015eeyh\u2019ten rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015flerdi. Vvedinski i\u00e7in \u015eeyh, s\u00fcrekli sorun kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcstlerine g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi raporun i\u00e7eri\u011fi \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cAsabi hasta, \u015f\u00fcpheci, s\u00fcrekli ailesi ve a\u015firetinin gelece\u011fi endi\u015fesiyle ya\u015fayan, yabani anlay\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bu \u015fah\u0131s, ba\u015fka insanlarla, \u00f6zellikle de hi\u00e7 Avrupal\u0131 g\u00f6rmemi\u015f ve ili\u015fki kurmam\u0131\u015f bu adam kendisinin burada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131l\u0131 kaderiyle yak\u0131ndan uzaktan ilgilenen herkesi b\u0131kt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kendisinin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm u\u011fra\u015f, rica ve \u00f6neriler sonu\u00e7 vermemektedir<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6lgesine d\u00f6n\u00fcp m\u00fccadeleyi geni\u015fletmek i\u00e7in yard\u0131m talebini yerine getiremeyen Ruslar, onu g\u00f6zlerden uzak tutmak i\u00e7in Nahcivan\u2019a g\u00f6nderir. 1914 y\u0131l\u0131 9 Haziran sabah\u0131 \u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam, Urmiye Valisinin g\u00fcvenilir bir adam\u0131 ve kendi hizmet\u00e7isi refakatinde, yan\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 Vali taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir adla verilmi\u015f \u0130ran pasaportuyla yola \u00e7\u0131kar. Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra Nahcivan\u2019a var\u0131r ve \u00f6nceden Tiflis y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan bilgilendirilen \u015fehir yetkilileri kendisini bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ailenin evine yerle\u015ftirir. Rusya D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in 150 ruble tutar\u0131nda bir maa\u015fa ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ruslar\u0131n Abd\u00fcsselam Barzani\u2019yi elde tutmas\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l nedeni, g\u00fcn\u00fc geldi\u011finde kendi ama\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullanabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesiydi. 1914’te Rusya ile Almanya aras\u0131nda sava\u015f ba\u015flay\u0131nca Ruslar, Ermenilerden, Asurilerden ve Rusya’ya s\u0131cak bakan K\u00fcrtlerden sava\u015f birlikleri olu\u015fturmay\u0131 planl\u0131yorlard\u0131. Nitekim Kafkasya Naibi Vorontsov-Da\u015fkov ve Kafkasya Ordusu Kararg\u00e2h Ba\u015fkan\u0131 General Yudeni\u00e7 ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Nahcivan\u2019da bulunan Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019dan faydalanma zaman\u0131n\u0131n geldi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Yudeni\u00e7, 10\/23 A\u011fustos tarihli yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamede \u201cT\u00fcrkiyeli \u015eeyh Barzan ve \u0130ranl\u0131 \u015eeyh Taha T\u00fcrklerden intikam almaya haz\u0131rlar<\/em>\u201d yazmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n \u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam Tiflis’e gider ve bir ‘diplomat memurla’ (Kafkasya Naibi’nin yan\u0131nda D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 temsilcisi) ve Yudeni\u00e7 ya da yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131ndan biriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Tiflis ziyaretinde \u015eeyh, me\u015fhur Ermeni komutan Andranik Ozanyan’la (Andranik Pa\u015fa) tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Abd\u00fcsselam ve Andranik her iki halk\u0131n anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 unutarak tek ailede birle\u015fmek’ ad\u0131na gelecek Ermeni-K\u00fcrd federasyonu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde anla\u015f\u0131rlar. Fakat diplomatlar h\u00e2l\u00e2 Osmanl\u0131 ile bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 koruyabilme umuduyla olduk\u00e7a dikkatli davranmak gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor olmal\u0131lar ki, 23 Temmuz\/5 A\u011fustos tarihinde D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Sazanov’un Savunma Bakan\u0131 Suhomlinov’a g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi yaz\u0131da \u015fu c\u00fcmleler yer almaktayd\u0131: \u201cOsmanl\u0131 ile sava\u015f durumunda Osmanl\u0131 i\u00e7indeki K\u00fcrdler ve Aysorlar\u0131n [Asuriler] bize ciddi yard\u0131mda bulunacaklar\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphe g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez. Birincileri etkilemek i\u00e7in elimizde K\u00fcrdler \u00fczerinde etki sahibi olan birka\u00e7 ki\u015fi bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rnek olarak, me\u015fhur Abdurrezak Bey ve \u015fu anda Kafkasya\u2019da bulunan \u015eeyh Barzan<\/em>.\u201d D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Sazanov, gerekti\u011finde K\u00fcrdleri kullanmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesine ra\u011fmen K\u00fcrdleri isyana te\u015fvik edecek herhangi bir s\u00f6z veya cesaret verilmemesini tembih etmeyi de ihmal etmez.<\/p>\n Sava\u015fla birlikte \u0130ran topraklar\u0131na giren Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetleri ve Osmanl\u0131 ile birlikte hareket eden K\u00fcrd a\u015firet kuvvetleri Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019\u0131 huzursuz eder ve harekete ge\u00e7menin zaman\u0131n\u0131n geldi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bu arada Seyid Taha, \u015eemdinan \u00fczerine yeni \u00e7\u0131karma haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na giri\u015fmi\u015f, Barzanileri Rejan’daki kararg\u00e2h\u0131na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 10 A\u011fustosta Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019\u0131n kendisi de bir g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne gizlice Rejan’a gelir. Vvedinski, her ikisini de Rusya korumas\u0131ndan mahrum etmekle tehdit ederek yine plan\u0131 engeller. Buna ra\u011fmen birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra Abd\u00fcsselam s\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir daha d\u00f6nmemek kayd\u0131yla terk eder. A\u011fustos ortalar\u0131nda \u015eeyh, Urmiye yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve T\u00fcrklerin ajanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan hemen fark edilir.<\/p>\n O d\u00f6nemin K\u00fcrt liderlerinden \u0130smail A\u011fa Simko T\u00fcrk\/Osmanl\u0131 istilas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ciddi direni\u015f g\u00f6sterir ve Ruslar\u0131n \u0130ran\u2019a girmesiyle birlikte Selmas Valisi ve s\u0131n\u0131r muhaf\u0131z Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na atan\u0131r. Ruslar\u0131n deste\u011fiyle \u015eikak a\u015fireti i\u00e7inde, aralar\u0131nda kudretli Temir Cango’nun da bulundu\u011fu rakiplerini kendi iktidar\u0131na ba\u011flar; Temir’in kendisi Simko’ya ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterirken, karde\u015fi Abdullah Cango Osmanl\u0131 taraf\u0131na ka\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n 1914 Eyl\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015flar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Simko’ya tehdit \u00fcltimatomu g\u00f6ndererek saf de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi ve Osmanl\u0131 taraf\u0131na ge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in bask\u0131 yapmaya ba\u015flar. Simko ise Barzanileri yan\u0131na davet ederek yak\u0131n g\u00fcnlerde sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Ruslar\u0131n silah ve mermi yard\u0131m\u0131nda bulundu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Fakat Vvedinski m\u00fcdahale ederek Barzanileri Kotur g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131nda durdurur. Bu arada Abdullah Cango Kuzeyli K\u00fcrtlerle birlikte Simko’nun bu\u011fday depolar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011fmalar, ard\u0131ndan karde\u015fi Temir’in yan\u0131na gelerek T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanma ba\u015flatmak amac\u0131yla g\u00f6nderildi\u011fini ve ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrklerin silah ve asker yard\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc verdi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klar. Temir hemen T\u00fcrklere itaat g\u00f6sterir ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda silah al\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan kuzeyli K\u00fcrtler ve Temir Cango’ya ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015eikaklar Kotur \u00e7evresindeki k\u00f6yleri ya\u011fmalamaya giri\u015firler.<\/p>\n Bu geli\u015fmeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda Abd\u00fcsselam 13 ya da 14 Eyl\u00fclde Kotur’a gelir. Bir s\u00fcre Simko’nun yan\u0131nda kalarak m\u00fczakereler yapar. Nas\u0131l bir anla\u015fma yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmemesine ra\u011fmen muhtemelen ortak hareket etme konusunu konu\u015fmu\u015flard\u0131r. Sonra alt\u0131 refakat\u00e7isiyle birlikte Genge\u00e7in k\u00f6y\u00fc \u00fczerinden yoluna devam eder. Burada Sofi Dervi\u015f Abdullah isminde bir yerli toprak a\u011fas\u0131, \u015eeyhi misafiri olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in davet eder. Asl\u0131nda Sofi kendisine T\u00fcrk yetkililerin \u015eeyhin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u00f6z verdi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck paray\u0131 alman\u0131n pe\u015findeydi. \u015eeyhe, t\u00fcm k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin elini \u00f6pme \u015ferefine nail olabilmesi i\u00e7in kendisine misafir olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yalvar\u0131r. Acele eden Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019\u0131 durdurabilmek i\u00e7in Sofi, e\u011fer onun evini \u015fereflendirmezse kendi evini kendi elleriyle yakaca\u011f\u0131na yemin eder. Abd\u00fcsselam yola devam etmekten vazge\u00e7er ve Sofi’nin evinde konaklar. Sofi Dervi\u015f hemen Temir Cango’ya haber salar. Gece (17 Eyl\u00fcl) \u015eeyh, evin d\u00fc\u015fman \u015eikaklarca \u00e7evrildi\u011fini fark eder. \u00c7\u0131kan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada iki adam\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcnce \u015eeyh korumalar\u0131na silahlar\u0131 b\u0131rakmay\u0131 emreder. Yakalanan \u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam Osmanl\u0131ya teslim edilir.<\/p>\n Abd\u00fcsselam Barzani\u2019yi \u00f6nce Van’a ard\u0131ndan da Musul’a g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrler. Askeri mahkeme kendisini ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 idam cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131r. K\u00fcrt lider \u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n son g\u00fcnlerini \u015eeyhle ayn\u0131 cezaevinde bulunan Sad\u0131k Damaluci uzun y\u0131llar sonra (1952) ‘Emirat Behdinan’ kitab\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011freniyoruz. Damaluci’nin \u015eeyh\u2019i idam edilmeyece\u011fi konusundaki tesellisine kar\u015f\u0131n \u201cBuna inanm\u0131yorum, Vali bir al\u00e7akt\u0131r<\/em>\u201d \u015feklinde yan\u0131t vermi\u015ftir. Mahkemenin karar\u0131 onaylan\u0131r ve 14 Aral\u0131k 1914’te (de\u011fi\u015fik tarihler verenler de vard\u0131r) Abd\u00fcsselam ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 Musul’un ba\u015f meydan\u0131nda as\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Mele Mustafa Barzani a\u011fabeyinin ipte as\u0131l\u0131 bedenini 11 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken seyretmek zorunda kal\u0131r ve o g\u00fcn kendi kendine, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tercih edece\u011fini ama asla d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n eline canl\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7meyece\u011fini vazge\u00e7ilmez hayati bir karar olarak \u00f6n\u00fcne koyar. Mele Mustafa on y\u0131llarca s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc o e\u015fsiz m\u00fccadele s\u00fcresince bu karar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 kald\u0131. Osmanl\u0131, \u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019\u0131 asarak idam ettikten sonra, Barzan’\u0131 da i\u015fgal edip yerle bir eder. Barzaniler b\u00f6lgeden ka\u00e7mak zorunda kal\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 anneden \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck karde\u015fi Ahmed, Babo ve Muhammed S\u0131dd\u0131k, Hakk\u00e2ri\u2019deki Guerdi a\u015fireti b\u00f6lgesine, Mele Mustafa da Sirwan’daki Bergiyef k\u00f6y\u00fcne gider.<\/p>\n \u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam sonras\u0131 G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesini inceledi\u011fimiz zaman gerek \u015eeyh Ahmed Barzani, gerek Mele Mustafa Barzani m\u00fccadelelerini bu temel talepler \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f ve geni\u015fletmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam Barzani\u2019nin, m\u00fccadelelerle dolu K\u00fcrt tarihinden ilham ve g\u00fc\u00e7 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, onlardan \u00f6nemli dersler \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Abd\u00fcsselam Barzani, sorunu, toplumun ve bu toplumun \u00fczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyan\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirilmesi oldu\u011funu kavram\u0131\u015f ve bunu kendisinden sonra m\u00fccadeleyi devam ettirecek karde\u015flerine devretmi\u015ftir. Abd\u00fcsselam Barzani\u2019yi unutulmaz k\u0131lan, m\u00fccadeleyi onun att\u0131\u011f\u0131 temeller \u00fczerinde devam ettiren kendinden sonra gelenlere do\u011fru bir yol ve kararl\u0131l\u0131k miras\u0131 b\u0131rakmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Karde\u015fleri \u015eeyh Ahmed Barzani, Mele Mustafa Barzani ve sonras\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 inan\u00e7 ve kararl\u0131l\u0131k \u00fczerinden devam edip G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 \u00f6zerk bir yap\u0131ya kavu\u015fturmada birincil rol\u00fc alan Mele Mustafa\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu Mesut Barzani\u2019nin t\u00fcm bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ler boyunca Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019\u0131n ideallerinin kesintisiz takip\u00e7ileridirler. Tabii ki bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck nehri, Celal Talabani gibi liderlerin ve y\u00fczlerce-binlerce kadronun m\u00fccadelesi ve saymakla ciltlerin yetmeyece\u011fi on binlerce kahraman\u0131n kanlar\u0131yla ve babas\u0131n\u0131, karde\u015fini, kocas\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f kad\u0131nlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131yla beslenmi\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck denizine akm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kad\u0131nlar ki \u00f6len sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na \u00fcz\u00fclen Mustafa Barzani\u2019ye: \u201c Kendini y\u0131kma Mele Mustafa, biz K\u00fcrt kad\u0131nlar\u0131 sana yeni kahraman Pe\u015fmergeler do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d diyerek milli m\u00fccadeleye can vermi\u015fler, kan vermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Barzaniler, o g\u00fcnden bug\u00fcne kadar \u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019\u0131n ilkeleri do\u011frultusunda kararl\u0131 ve \u0131srarl\u0131 m\u00fccadelelerini devam ettirdiler. Bug\u00fcn G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan, federe bir devlet stat\u00fcs\u00fcndedir. \u015eeyh Abd\u00fcsselam\u2019dan Mele Mustafa Barzani ve Mesut Barzani\u2019ye uzanan bir asr\u0131 ge\u00e7kin m\u00fccadele tarihi, \u00e7ok zengin tecr\u00fcbelerle doludur ve ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na ayr\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 hak ediyor.<\/p>\n Yararlan\u0131lan kaynaklar:<\/p>\n Mesut Barzani, Barzani ve Ulusal \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Hareketi, 1. Cilt. Doz yay.<\/p>\n Rusya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu D\u0131\u015f Siyaset Ar\u015fivi (RIDSA), Persiya masas\u0131. B, d. 559 2.b\u00f6l.<\/p>\n Xo\u015fevi Babekr-Pauel Shehtman, K\u00fcrdistan Bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Alt\u0131nda Mustafa Barzani\u2019nin Ya\u015fam\u0131 ve Eylemi, Avesta yay. 2010.<\/p>\n David McDOWALL, Modern K\u00fcrt Tarihi. Doruk yay. 2004.<\/p>\n Veysel G\u00d6KER, \u015eeyh Abdusselam Barzani Destan\u0131. https:\/\/www.basnews.com\/tr\/babat\/703273<\/p>\n Yaz\u0131n\u0131n Nerina Azad’daki orjinal linkine buradan ula\u015fabilirsiniz<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 19. ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l K\u00fcrd tarihini ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, Abd\u00fcsselam Barzani, K\u00fcrdlerin ilk modern milliyet\u00e7isidir. Bir ba\u015fka ifade ile modern talepleri olan ilk geleneksel milliyet\u00e7i liderdir. \u0130lk demokrat liderdir. Daha ileri giderek s\u00f6yleyebiliriz ki e\u015fit payla\u015f\u0131m d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ilk sosyalist lider olarak da adland\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Kendi ki\u015fisel egemenli\u011fini \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmadan, halk\u0131n ve b\u00f6lgenin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1027843,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[31],"class_list":["post-1027841","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forum","tag-onemli"],"seo_head":"\n