4 May\u0131s 1937 tarihinde Bakanlar Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nan kararla ba\u015flat\u0131lan D\u00earsim Harek\u00e2t\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihinde devlet eliyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen en a\u011f\u0131r \u015fiddet eylemlerinden biri olarak de\u011ferlendirilir. 1938 y\u0131l\u0131 sonlar\u0131na kadar s\u00fcren askeri operasyonlar neticesinde, yakla\u015f\u0131k 19 bin insan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, 100 bine yak\u0131n ki\u015fi ise s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015f; b\u00f6lgenin sosyal dokusu, inan\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haf\u0131zas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tahrip edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Dersim, Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan Cumhuriyet\u2019e miras kalan \u00f6zerk yap\u0131s\u0131yla, Alevi inanc\u0131 ve K\u00fcrt-Zaza diliyle merkez\u00ee otorite taraf\u0131ndan uzun y\u0131llar boyunca \u201c\u00f6teki\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u201cTunceli Kanunu\u201d ve devam\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan \u201cD\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Umum M\u00fcfetti\u015flik\u201d b\u00f6lgesi, b\u00f6lgeyi sivil hukuk sisteminin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kararak, fiili bir asker\u00ee y\u00f6netim alt\u0131na sokmu\u015ftur. Bu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda uygulanan harek\u00e2t, devletin ink\u00e2r ve asimilasyon politikalar\u0131n\u0131n bir zirve noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131 akademik \u00e7evrelerde bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, kimli\u011fe y\u00f6nelmi\u015f sistematik yok etme pratikleri nedeniyle \u201csoyk\u0131r\u0131m\u201d tan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Devletin bu vah\u015fetle y\u00fczle\u015fmesi uzun y\u0131llar boyunca m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmam\u0131\u015f; olaylar resmi tarihte \u201cisyanc\u0131lar\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak haf\u0131zalar bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a daha diren\u00e7li h\u00e2le gelir. 23 Kas\u0131m 2011\u2019de d\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan, \u201cE\u011fer devlet ad\u0131na \u00f6z\u00fcr dilenecekse, b\u00f6yle bir literat\u00fcr varsa ben \u00f6z\u00fcr dilerim, diliyorum\u201d diyerek, devlet d\u00fczeyinde ilk kez bu katliama at\u0131f yapm\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6z\u00fcr dilemi\u015ftir. Bu beyan, sembolik a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli bir e\u015fik olarak kabul edilmekle birlikte, \u00f6zr\u00fcn toplumsal ve yap\u0131sal sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furacak bi\u00e7imde derinle\u015ftirilmedi\u011fi, ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fatacak somut ad\u0131mlar\u0131n at\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
Kolektif bellekte derin bir yara olarak yer eden bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir atas\u00f6z\u00fcnde ifadesini bulur: \u201cDijm\u00een\u00ea bav\u00ea nabe dost\u00ea kur\u201d \u2013 \u201cBaban\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 o\u011fluna dost olmaz.\u201d Bu s\u00f6z, yaln\u0131zca bir tarihi yorum de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda travman\u0131n ku\u015faklar aras\u0131 aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir g\u00f6stergedir. Cumhuriyetin kurucu kadrosunun ve \u00f6zellikle Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi\u2019nin (CHP) uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 politikalar, K\u00fcrt meselesinin kurumsalla\u015fmas\u0131na ve devlet-toplum ili\u015fkilerinin derinle\u015fen krizine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ko\u00e7giri, \u015eeyh Said, Z\u00eelan ve Dersim gibi olaylar bu politikan\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u0130ronik bir bi\u00e7imde, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ink\u00e2r eden ve bast\u0131ran CHP ile, K\u00fcrt sorununu ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131rarak me\u015fruiyet alan\u0131 kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan HDP-PKK \u00e7izgisi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ayn\u0131 zeminde bulu\u015fmu\u015f, ayn\u0131 siyasal koroda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum, tarihsel travmalarla y\u00fczle\u015fmeksizin kurulan politik ittifaklar\u0131n hem ahlaki hem de tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131dan ne kadar sorunlu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
Bu ba\u011flamda, kolektif belle\u011fin onar\u0131lmas\u0131 yaln\u0131zca ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n ruhuna sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermekle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir; ayn\u0131 zamanda demokratik bir toplumun in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in de gereklidir. Elaz\u0131\u011f\u2019daki Bu\u011fday Meydan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, Dersim Katliam\u0131\u2019nda idam edilen Seyid R\u0131za ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131na \u201cDersim Meydan\u0131\u201d olarak yeniden adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yap\u0131lan \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar, sembolik adaletin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr giri\u015fimler, sadece sembolleri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmekle kalmayacak; ayn\u0131 zamanda yeni bir toplumsal haf\u0131za in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7acakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyada benzer ac\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyalarda, ge\u00e7mi\u015fle y\u00fczle\u015fme s\u00fcreci kamusal politikalar\u0131n merkezine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Almanya, Nazi d\u00f6nemine ait hi\u00e7bir an\u0131ta kamusal alanlarda yer vermemi\u015f, Holokost\u2019un faillerine y\u00f6nelik kamusal y\u00fcceltmeleri yasaklam\u0131\u015f ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fle hesapla\u015fmay\u0131 kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130srail\u2019de Holokost\u2019un sorumlular\u0131n\u0131 simgeleyen herhangi bir yap\u0131 veya an\u0131t bulunmaz. Bu \u00fclkelerdeki tutumlar, travma sonras\u0131 adaletin nas\u0131l in\u015fa edilebilece\u011fine dair g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6rnekler sunar.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise h\u00e2l\u00e2 Dersim Katliam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n mimarlar\u0131 kamusal alanlarda heykellerle, okul ve sokak adlar\u0131yla temsil edilmekte; bu durum yaln\u0131zca ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n torunlar\u0131n\u0131n yaralar\u0131n\u0131 derinle\u015ftirmekle kalmamakta, ayn\u0131 zamanda toplumsal adaletin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0131kamaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye, ge\u00e7mi\u015fiyle sahici ve \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir y\u00fczle\u015fme ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece, demokratikle\u015fme s\u00fcreci eksik ve k\u0131r\u0131lgan kalacakt\u0131r. Dersim i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak her onar\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131m, yaln\u0131zca bir ge\u00e7mi\u015f muhasebesi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir gelecek in\u015fas\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
\n
Kaynak\u00e7a<\/p>\n
\n
Hans-Lukas Kieser, \u201cDersim 1937-38: Modernle\u015fme ve Toplu \u015eiddet\u201d, Journal of Genocide Research, 2011.<\/p>\n
\n
Martin van Bruinessen, \u201cK\u00fcrdistan\u2019da Soyk\u0131r\u0131m m\u0131? Dersim 1937-38 Olaylar\u0131 \u00dczerine\u201d, George J. Andreopoulos (ed.), Soyk\u0131r\u0131m: Kavramsal ve Tarihsel Boyutlar, 1994.<\/p>\n
\n
David Bloxham, Soyk\u0131r\u0131m Oyunu: \u0130mparatorluk, Ulus\u00e7uluk ve Osmanl\u0131 Ermenilerinin Yok Edili\u015fi, Oxford University Press, 2005.<\/p>\n
\n
T\u00fcrkiye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Vakf\u0131 (T\u0130HV) ve \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Derne\u011fi (\u0130HD), Dersim Raporlar\u0131, 1999\u20132011.<\/p>\n
\n
Uluslararas\u0131 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Derne\u011fi (International Association of Genocide Scholars) a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131.<\/p>\n
Birle\u015fik Devletler Holokost An\u0131 M\u00fczesi (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum) kay\u0131tlar\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
4 May\u0131s 1937 tarihinde Bakanlar Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nan kararla ba\u015flat\u0131lan D\u00earsim Harek\u00e2t\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihinde devlet eliyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen en a\u011f\u0131r \u015fiddet eylemlerinden biri olarak de\u011ferlendirilir. 1938 y\u0131l\u0131 sonlar\u0131na kadar s\u00fcren askeri operasyonlar neticesinde, yakla\u015f\u0131k 19 bin insan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, 100 bine yak\u0131n ki\u015fi ise s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015f; b\u00f6lgenin sosyal dokusu, inan\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haf\u0131zas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1033638,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[31],"class_list":["post-1033759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forum","tag-onemli"],"blocksy_meta":[],"seo_head":"\n