{"id":1034547,"date":"2025-07-23T17:12:52","date_gmt":"2025-07-23T14:12:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/darkamazi.site\/?p=1034547"},"modified":"2025-07-23T17:13:34","modified_gmt":"2025-07-23T14:13:34","slug":"sinirlarin-otesindeki-kesisim-durzilik-kurtluk-ve-ortadogunun-sessiz-hafizasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/darkamazi.site\/archives\/1034547","title":{"rendered":"S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n \u00d6tesindeki Kesi\u015fim: D\u00fcrz\u00eelik, K\u00fcrtl\u00fck ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun Sessiz Haf\u0131zas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ortado\u011fu co\u011frafyas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca sava\u015flar\u0131n ve b\u00f6lgesel \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kimliklerin, ge\u00e7i\u015fken halk katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f aidiyetlerin de sahnesidir. <\/em><\/p>\n

Bu co\u011frafyada inan\u00e7 ile etnisite aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7izgi her zaman sabit olmam\u0131\u015f, kimi zaman inan\u00e7lar halklar\u0131 \u015fekillendirmi\u015f, kimi zaman halklar inan\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/em><\/p>\n

D\u00fcrz\u00eelik ve K\u00fcrtl\u00fck aras\u0131ndaki tarihsel ili\u015fki tam da bu ge\u00e7i\u015fkenli\u011fin en somut \u00f6rneklerinden biridir. D\u00fcrz\u00eeler genellikle Arap<\/em><\/strong> olarak tan\u0131mlansalar da, gerek tarihsel belgeler gerek s\u00f6zl\u00fc gelenekler gerekse lider fig\u00fcrlerin kendi beyanlar\u0131, D\u00fcrz\u00ee topluluklar i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6nemli bir K\u00fcrt bile\u015feninin bulundu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu ili\u015fkinin sembolik bir \u00f6zeti, 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sosyalist Enternasyonal\u2019in 18. Kongresi\u2019nde L\u00fcbnanl\u0131 D\u00fcrz\u00ee lider Velid Canpolad\u2019\u0131n sarf etti\u011fi \u015fu s\u00f6zlerde yank\u0131lan\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Ez Kurd im, ji Kil\u00ees\u00ea me.<\/em><\/strong> (Ben K\u00fcrd\u00fcm ve Kilis’liyim.)<\/p>\n

Bu tan\u0131m<\/em><\/strong>, sadece bireysel bir aidiyet beyan\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k bir halklar aras\u0131 etkile\u015fimin tarihsel belle\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcrz\u00ee inanc\u0131, 11. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Fat\u0131mi Halifesi H\u00e2kim bi-Emrillah\u2019\u0131n ilahi bir fig\u00fcr olarak kabul edilmesiyle \u015fekillenmi\u015f, \u0130smail\u00eelikten ayr\u0131larak kurumsalla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ezoterik bir \u00f6\u011fretiye dayan\u0131r. Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tecellilerini tarih boyunca farkl\u0131 ki\u015filerde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kabul eden D\u00fcrz\u00ee \u00f6\u011fretisi, sadece dini de\u011fil toplumsal dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 da merkeze al\u0131r. Kapal\u0131 evlilik sistemleri, cemaat i\u00e7i s\u0131r saklama ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u0131\u015fa kapal\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ya\u015fama pratikleriyle, hem Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde hem de modern Arap ulus-devletleri s\u00fcrecinde d\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015f ama da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f da de\u011fildir. Bu izolasyonun i\u00e7inde K\u00fcrtlerle temas ise yer yer \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, yer yer k\u00fclt\u00fcrel al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f, kimi zaman da b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmeyle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu kesi\u015fimin tarihsel k\u00f6kleri, en az 12. y\u00fczy\u0131la, Eyyubi hanedan\u0131n\u0131n kurucusu Selahaddin Eyyubi d\u00f6nemine kadar uzan\u0131r. Selahaddin\u2019in hem K\u00fcrt k\u00f6kenli olmas\u0131 hem de Suriye\u2019nin g\u00fcneyine y\u00f6nelik siyasi ve askeri stratejileri, K\u00fcrtlerin Cebel el-D\u00fcr\u00fcz ve \u00e7evresine isk\u00e2n edilmelerinde do\u011frudan etkili olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Nitekim tarih\u00e7i Heinz Halm, Early Ismaili and Druze Movements<\/em><\/strong> adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda, Eyyubi d\u00f6neminde Suriye i\u00e7lerine yerle\u015ftirilen K\u00fcrt gruplar\u0131n zamanla D\u00fcrz\u00eeli\u011fe ge\u00e7i\u015f yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, sadece g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc din de\u011fi\u015ftirme de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda K\u00fcrt a\u015firetlerinin yerel toplumsal yap\u0131ya adapte olmas\u0131yla da ilgilidir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle Bilge (Belka) b\u00f6lgesi \u2013 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019\u00fcn bat\u0131s\u0131nda, Amman\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde yer alan tarih\u00ee bir alt b\u00f6lge \u2013 D\u00fcrz\u00eelik ile K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fi \u00f6zel co\u011frafyalardan biridir.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivlerine giren belgelerde, Bilge b\u00f6lgesine Urfa, Siverek ve Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019dan gelen baz\u0131 K\u00fcrt a\u015firetlerinin g\u00f6\u00e7 etti\u011fi ve bu a\u015firetlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fcrz\u00eele\u015fti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    1860\u2019lardan itibaren b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fen K\u00fcrt k\u00f6kenli El-Hamud, El-Cabir ve El-Salhi gibi a\u015firetler, D\u00fcrz\u00ee n\u00fcfusla evlilikler yoluyla kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve zamanla inan\u00e7sal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise baz\u0131 D\u00fcrz\u00ee ailelerin Halep-Harran hatt\u0131ndaki K\u00fcrtlerle ticari ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fki kurdu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Bu \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc etkile\u015fim, Bilge b\u00f6lgesinde K\u00fcrt-D\u00fcrz\u00ee<\/em><\/strong> kimli\u011fini yerel halk bilincinde s\u0131radanla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bu tarihsel arka plana ra\u011fmen, modern devletlerin \u00e7izdi\u011fi kimlik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, bu ge\u00e7i\u015fkenli\u011fi yok sayma e\u011filiminde olmu\u015ftur. Arap milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi, D\u00fcrz\u00eeleri Arap olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye ise D\u00fcrz\u00ee varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 adeta g\u00f6rmezden gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Oysa 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle L\u00fcbnan\u2019daki D\u00fcrz\u00ee siyasi hareketi i\u00e7erisinde K\u00fcrt k\u00f6kenli aileler \u2013 ba\u015fta Canpoladlar olmak \u00fczere \u2013 \u00f6nemli roller \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Frans\u0131z tarih\u00e7i Jean-Pierre Filiu, Les Arabes, leur destin et le n\u00f4tre<\/em><\/strong> adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda, Canpolad ailesinin 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kilis-Halep hatt\u0131ndan L\u00fcbnan\u2019\u0131n \u015euf Da\u011f\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6\u00e7 etti\u011fini ve zamanla D\u00fcrz\u00ee toplulu\u011funa liderlik etti\u011fini belirtir.<\/p>\n

    Bu liderlik, sadece inan\u00e7sal de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda siyasi bir vizyonu da i\u00e7erir. Velid Canpolad\u2019\u0131n 1980\u2019lerden itibaren K\u00fcrt halk\u0131na dair a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131, Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki ezilen halklar aras\u0131nda sek\u00fcler, ilerici bir dayan\u0131\u015fma \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Onun Ben K\u00fcrd\u00fcm<\/em><\/strong>, beyan\u0131, bir halk\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fine, aidiyetine ve siyasi belle\u011fine \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bu s\u00f6ylem, sadece sembolik de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda somut siyasi ili\u015fkilerle de desteklenmi\u015ftir. 1980\u2019li ve 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda L\u00fcbnan Sosyalist \u0130lerici Partisi (PSP), T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den gelen K\u00fcrt m\u00fcltecilerle organik ba\u011flar kurmu\u015f, Kam\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ve S\u00fcveyda\u2019daki K\u00fcrt-D\u00fcrz\u00ee dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 kimi zaman rejim kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hareketlerde birlikte eylemlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    Bu ortakl\u0131k, \u00f6zellikle Baas rejiminin bask\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131<\/em><\/strong> geli\u015fen yeralt\u0131 a\u011flar\u0131nda kendini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Suriye D\u00fcrz\u00eelerinin liderlerinden olan Vahib Cumbulat\u2019\u0131n 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Halep\u2019teki K\u00fcrt \u00f6\u011frenci dernekleriyle ili\u015fki kurmas\u0131 da bu hatt\u0131n s\u00fcreklili\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

    T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise D\u00fcrz\u00eelik \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan yorumlar h\u00e2l\u00e2 olduk\u00e7a y\u00fczeyseldir. CNN T\u00fcrk gibi kanallarda dile getirilen indirgemeci s\u00f6ylemler, bu inanc\u0131 sapma<\/em><\/strong> ya da gariplik<\/em><\/strong> olarak sunarken, toplulu\u011fun tarihsel ba\u011flamdaki rol\u00fcn\u00fc ve halklar aras\u0131 etkile\u015fimini bilin\u00e7li bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6rmezden gelir.<\/p>\n

    Oysa D\u00fcrz\u00ee toplulu\u011fu, tarih boyunca Arap, K\u00fcrt, hatta Ermeni unsurlar\u0131n katk\u0131s\u0131yla \u015fekillenmi\u015f \u00e7ok kimlikli bir yap\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bu noktada \u015fu temel ger\u00e7e\u011fi vurgulamak gerekir: D\u00fcrz\u00eelik bir inan\u00e7<\/em><\/strong> sistemidir; K\u00fcrtl\u00fck ise bir ulusal kimlik\u2019tir<\/em><\/strong>. Bir ki\u015fi ayn\u0131 anda hem D\u00fcrz\u00ee hem K\u00fcrt olabilir, t\u0131pk\u0131 bir \u00cazid\u00ee, Alev\u00ee veya H\u0131ristiyan K\u00fcrt olabilece\u011fi gibi. Kimlikler birbirini d\u0131\u015flamaz, aksine tarihsel olarak i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ebilir. Velid Canpolad gibi fig\u00fcrler, bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bu \u00e7oklu kimli\u011fi an\u0131msatma ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lma cesaretini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

    Bug\u00fcn Bilge\u2019den L\u00fcbnan\u2019a, S\u00fcveyda\u2019dan Kam\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u2019ya kadar geni\u015f bir hatta, D\u00fcrz\u00eeler ile K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131ndaki tarihsel etkile\u015fimin izleri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. Bu izler, sadece tarih<\/em><\/strong> kitaplar\u0131nda de\u011fil, yerel halklar\u0131n haf\u0131zas\u0131nda, mezar ta\u015flar\u0131nda, eski belgelerde ve folklorik anlat\u0131larda da ya\u015famaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Bu nedenle, D\u00fcrz\u00eeler hakk\u0131nda konu\u015furken sadece bir inan\u00e7<\/em><\/strong> toplulu\u011funu de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda tarih boyunca<\/em><\/strong> K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmu\u015f ve kimli\u011fini bu do\u011frultuda \u015fekillendirmi\u015f bir halk kesimini de anmak gerekir.<\/p>\n

    Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Martin van Bruinessen, \u0130slamiyet ve K\u00fcrtler<\/em>, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2000.<\/p>\n

    Kamuran Bedirxan, K\u00fcrtler ve K\u00fcrdistan Tarihi<\/em>, Avesta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2003.<\/p>\n

    Ayd\u0131n U\u011fur, \u201cD\u00fcrz\u00eelik ve Siyasal Kimlik\u201d, Toplum ve Bilim<\/em>, Say\u0131 67, \u0130stanbul, 1995.<\/p>\n

    B\u00fclent \u00d6zdemir, \u201c\u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019deki K\u00fcrtler ve Bilge B\u00f6lgesindeki A\u015firetler\u201d, Ortado\u011fu Et\u00fctleri Dergisi<\/em>, Cilt 10, Say\u0131 1, Ankara, 2018.<\/p>\n

    Mehmet Ali Aslan, \u201cOrtado\u011fu\u2019da K\u00fcrtler ve D\u00fcrz\u00eeler: Etnik Kimlik ve \u0130nan\u00e7 Kesi\u015fimleri\u201d, K\u00fcrt Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi,<\/em> Say\u0131 11, Diyarbak\u0131r, 2020.<\/p>\n

    Mehmet Bayrak, K\u00fcrdoloji Belgeleri<\/em>, \u00d6zge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 1994.<\/p>\n

    Selahattin Y\u0131ld\u0131z, Ortado\u011fu\u2019da Az\u0131nl\u0131klar ve Mezhepler<\/em>, Avesta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2006.<\/p>\n

    Vahap Co\u015fkun, \u201cD\u00fcrz\u00ee Toplumunun Sosyolojik Konumu\u201d, Medeniyet \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi<\/em>, 2019.<\/p>\n

    Ahmet Kahraman, K\u00fcrtler Tarih, K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Kimlik<\/em>, Agora Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2003.<\/p>\n

    Hamit Bozarslan, Ortado\u011fu\u2019da Kimlik, Din ve Etnisite<\/em>, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,\u00a0\u0130stanbul,\u00a02008.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ortado\u011fu co\u011frafyas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca sava\u015flar\u0131n ve b\u00f6lgesel \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kimliklerin, ge\u00e7i\u015fken halk katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f aidiyetlerin de sahnesidir. Bu co\u011frafyada inan\u00e7 ile etnisite aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7izgi her zaman sabit olmam\u0131\u015f, kimi zaman inan\u00e7lar halklar\u0131 \u015fekillendirmi\u015f, kimi zaman halklar inan\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. D\u00fcrz\u00eelik ve K\u00fcrtl\u00fck aras\u0131ndaki tarihsel ili\u015fki tam da bu ge\u00e7i\u015fkenli\u011fin en […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1034548,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[31],"class_list":["post-1034547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kurdistan","tag-onemli"],"blocksy_meta":[],"seo_head":"\nS\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n \u00d6tesindeki Kesi\u015fim: D\u00fcrz\u00eelik, K\u00fcrtl\u00fck ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun Sessiz Haf\u0131zas\u0131 - Darka Mazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/darkamazi.site\/archives\/1034547\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n \u00d6tesindeki Kesi\u015fim: D\u00fcrz\u00eelik, K\u00fcrtl\u00fck ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun Sessiz Haf\u0131zas\u0131 - Darka Mazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ortado\u011fu co\u011frafyas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca sava\u015flar\u0131n ve b\u00f6lgesel \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kimliklerin, ge\u00e7i\u015fken halk katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f aidiyetlerin de sahnesidir. Bu co\u011frafyada inan\u00e7 ile etnisite aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7izgi her zaman sabit olmam\u0131\u015f, kimi zaman inan\u00e7lar halklar\u0131 \u015fekillendirmi\u015f, kimi zaman halklar inan\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 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