Medyada her y\u0131l yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 haberlere ve sapt\u0131rmalara konu olan geli\u015fmelerden biri de 31 A\u011fustos 1996 olay\u0131d\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, YNK ve PKK medyas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sistematik bi\u00e7imde “vatana ihanet” olarak sunulmakta; bu s\u00f6ylem \u00fczerinden kendi kirli ge\u00e7mi\u015fleri ve ger\u00e7ek ihanetleri perdelenmek istenmektedir. K\u00fcrt halk\u0131 t\u00fcm siyasi yap\u0131lar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fine hakim olsa da 31 A\u011fustos\u2019un ard\u0131ndaki tarihsel ger\u00e7ekleri a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymak bir zorunluluktur. Yeni ve gelecek nesillerin, bu odaklar\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131tmalar\u0131ndan etkilenmemesi ve hakikati yal\u0131n haliyle \u00f6\u011frenmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
31 A\u011fustos 1996\u2019da Neler Ya\u015fand\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddetlendi\u011fi 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda KDP Pe\u015fmergeleri; Soran\u2019da YNK, Behdinan\u2019da PKK ve Hac\u0131 \u00d6meran\u2019da \u0130ran Devrim Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n e\u015f zamanl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla \u00e7ok cepheli bir ku\u015fatmaya maruz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Cephelerdeki askeri g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesi KDP aleyhine olduk\u00e7a e\u015fitsizdi. YNK ve PKK, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n do\u011frudan deste\u011fini de arkalar\u0131na alarak iki geni\u015f hat \u00fczerinden KDP\u2019yi tamamen tasfiye etmeyi hedefleyen bir konsept ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n 28 Haziran 1996: \u0130ran Devrim Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131, YNK\u2019nin lojistik ve saha yard\u0131m\u0131yla S\u00fcleymaniye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan giri\u015f yaparak Heybet Sultan Da\u011f\u0131\u2019na konu\u015fland\u0131. Buradan a\u011f\u0131r top\u00e7u ve roketlerle \u0130ran K\u00fcrdistan Demokrat Partisi\u2019nin (KDP-\u0130) Koye\u2019deki karargah\u0131n\u0131 hedef ald\u0131. Sald\u0131r\u0131da aralar\u0131nda kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu \u00e7ok say\u0131da kadro ve \u00fcye hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Frans\u0131z ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131-yazar Chris Kutschera, K\u00fcrt Ulusal Hareketi ve Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k \u0130radesi adl\u0131 eserinde bu durumu \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle aktar\u0131r: \u201c\u0130ran, 300 YNK Pe\u015fmergesinin deste\u011fiyle, y\u00fczlerce 130 mm ve 150 mm\u2019lik top\u00e7u bataryas\u0131, onlarca Katyu\u015fa f\u00fczesi ve a\u011f\u0131r askeri te\u00e7hizat kullanarak bu sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.\u201d<\/p>\n 29 Haziran 1996: \u0130ran top\u00e7ular\u0131, yine YNK rehberli\u011finde, KDP-\u0130 \u00fcyelerinin s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Simaquli\u2019deki C\u00eajn\u00eekan kamp\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011fun bombard\u0131mana tuttu.<\/p>\n Bu operasyonlar\u0131n \u00f6ncesinde \u0130ran taraf\u0131, KDP\u2019den Devrim Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131\u2019na yard\u0131m etmesini resmi olarak talep etmi\u015f; ancak KDP bu teklifi kesin bir dille reddetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 sert bir bildiriyle k\u0131nayan KDP liderli\u011finin bu tutumu Tahran\u2019\u0131 hedef alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ran Devrim Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131 komutanlar\u0131, Hac\u0131 \u00d6meran \u00fczerinden \u00fclkelerine d\u00f6nerken Rawanduz\u2019da bulunan KDP-\u0130 karargah\u0131na ve Do\u011fu K\u00fcrdistanl\u0131 sivil ailelere de sald\u0131rmay\u0131 planlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Ba\u015fkan Mesut Barzani ve KDP y\u00f6netimi, Pe\u015fmerge komutanlar\u0131na talimat vererek \u0130ran g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin Hac\u0131 \u00d6meran s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan ge\u00e7i\u015fine izin vermemi\u015ftir. KDP\u2019nin bu ilkeli duru\u015fu \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n tepkisini \u00e7ekmi\u015f; bunun \u00fczerine \u0130ran, KDP\u2019den intikam almak amac\u0131yla YNK ve PKK\u2019ye sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 askeri deste\u011fi en \u00fcst seviyeye \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u015fiddetlenmesiyle KDP a\u011f\u0131r bir bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda kald\u0131. K\u00fcrdistan Sosyalist Demokrat Partisi Sekreteri Muhammed Hac\u0131 Mahmud, Bir Pe\u015fmerge Takvimi adl\u0131 eserinin 4. cildinde sahadaki durumu \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetlemektedir: \u201cKDP\u2019nin durumu son derece kritikti. G\u00fc\u00e7leri a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar vermi\u015fti ve savunma yapmakta zorlan\u0131yordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130ran Devrim Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131 top\u00e7ular\u0131, YNK\u2019nin yard\u0131m\u0131yla S\u00eedekan ve Hac\u0131 \u00d6meran\u2019daki KDP mevzilerini kesintisiz \u015fekilde bombal\u0131yordu. Bu bombard\u0131manlar y\u00fczlerce K\u00fcrdistan Pe\u015fmergesinin \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n 16 A\u011fustos 1996: KDP\u2019nin kurulu\u015f y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc ya\u015fan\u0131rken Celal Talabani, Derbendihan\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada “KDP\u2019ye Fatiha okusunlar” ifadesini kulland\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan YNK ve PKK, \u0130ran top\u00e7u deste\u011fiyle geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 bir taarruz ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n 20 A\u011fustos 1996: Qesir\u00ea ve Mamer\u00fbt cepheleri yo\u011fun bombard\u0131mana tutuldu; 140 Pe\u015fmerge \u015fehit oldu, 400 Pe\u015fmerge yaraland\u0131. A\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u0130ran destekli YNK birlikleri; Qeladiz\u00ea, Serde\u015ft ve Kele\u015f\u00een g\u00fczergah\u0131 \u00fczerinden S\u00eedekan\u2019a ilerleyerek KDP mevzilerini hedef ald\u0131.<\/p>\n 21 A\u011fustos 1996: \u00c7\u0131kan \u015fiddetli \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda YNK g\u00fc\u00e7leri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcld\u00fc. Ancak bu yenilgi, \u0130ran, YNK ve PKK ittifak\u0131n\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131 dozunu daha da art\u0131rmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n KDP, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r ihlallerine ve do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahalesine kar\u015f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 topluma defalarca \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunduysa da bekledi\u011fi deste\u011fi bulamad\u0131. Ba\u015fkan Mesut Barzani, Barzani ve K\u00fcrt Kurtulu\u015f Hareketi (5. Cilt) adl\u0131 eserinde o s\u00fcreci \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle aktar\u0131r: \u201cABD ve \u0130ngiltere somut bir tav\u0131r almay\u0131p s\u00fcreci sadece seyretmekle yetindi. Ancak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, PKK\u2019nin sava\u015fa dahil olmas\u0131 halinde KDP\u2019ye destek verece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki uyar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131ndayd\u0131k.\u201d<\/p>\n \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n sahaya inmesi \u00fczerine Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, KDP\u2019ye bir heyet g\u00f6ndererek \u0130ran g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in askeri destek teklif etti. KDP, operasyon tamamland\u0131ktan hemen sonra Irak ordusunun belirlenen s\u0131n\u0131rlara \u00e7ekilmesi ko\u015fuluyla bu teklifi kabul etti.<\/p>\n 23 A\u011fustos 1996\u2019da ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Robert Pelletreau, Ba\u015fkan Barzani\u2019yi arayarak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etti. Barzani ise yan\u0131t olarak \u015fu ifadeleri kulland\u0131: \u201cAte\u015fkesi kimin ihlal etti\u011fi ortadad\u0131r. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n sava\u015fa do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahil olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen herhangi bir tutum almad\u0131n\u0131z. Bizler, sald\u0131rgan taraf\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a k\u0131nanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatanlara bask\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 beklerdik.\u201d<\/p>\n 30-31 A\u011fustos gecesi Robert Pelletreau yeniden arayarak uydulardan Erbil\u2019in g\u00fcneyinde ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir hareketlilik tespit ettiklerini belirterek Irak\u2019\u0131n m\u00fcdahale olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sordu.<\/p>\n Ba\u015fkan Barzani\u2019nin yan\u0131t\u0131 net oldu: \u201c\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n m\u00fcdahale hakk\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir denklemde Irak\u2019\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesi neden sorgulan\u0131yor? Uydular\u0131n\u0131z Erbil\u2019in g\u00fcneyindeki hareketlili\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcrken, Kele\u015f\u00een s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan KDP mevzilerini top\u00e7u ate\u015fine tutan \u0130ran g\u00fc\u00e7lerini neden g\u00f6rm\u00fcyor?\u201d<\/p>\n Pelletreau\u2019nun Irak ordusunun geri \u00e7ekilme garantisine ili\u015fkin sorusu \u00fczerine Barzani, \u201c\u0130\u015flem tamamland\u0131ktan sonra g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u00e7ekilece\u011fine dair kesin garanti ald\u0131k\u201d yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n 31 A\u011fustos 1996 sabah\u0131 KDP g\u00fc\u00e7leri, YNK ve \u0130ran ittifak\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 genel bir kar\u015f\u0131 taarruz ba\u015flatt\u0131. Erbil\u2019de tutunamayan YNK birlikleri h\u0131zla geri \u00e7ekildi ve \u015fehir Pe\u015fmerge kontrol\u00fcne girdi. Operasyon ilerledik\u00e7e YNK kadrolar\u0131 S\u00fcleymaniye \u00fczerinden \u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131. Operasyonun hemen ard\u0131ndan Irak birlikleri yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmaya uyarak konu\u015fland\u0131klar\u0131 alanlara \u00e7ekildi.<\/p>\n KDP, bu hamleyle b\u00f6lgeyi \u0130ran n\u00fcfuzundan temizlemi\u015f ve askeri g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesini de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Diplomatik ve stratejik a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda KDP, b\u00f6lgesel akt\u00f6rler aras\u0131ndaki rekabeti kullanarak bir i\u015fgalci g\u00fc\u00e7 marifetiyle di\u011fer i\u015fgalci yap\u0131y\u0131 sahadan \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Siyaset biliminde bu tutum, “d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanla bertaraf etme” stratejisi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n 31 A\u011fustos 1996\u2019n\u0131n Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve Kazan\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n 31 A\u011fustos m\u00fcdahalesi, ba\u015fta Erbil olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgede yeni bir d\u00f6nemin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 aralam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7le birlikte imar, kalk\u0131nma ve kurumsalla\u015fma ad\u0131mlar\u0131 h\u0131z kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Diplomatik alanda da K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesi uluslararas\u0131 arenada yeni bir me\u015fruiyet zeminine kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Bu d\u00f6nemin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan diplomatik temaslar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/strong><\/p>\n Ba\u015fkan Mesut Barzani; ABD ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin davetiyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ziyaret ederek ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Robert Pelletreau, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Ankara B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Frank Baker ve T\u00fcrk yetkililerle \u00fcst d\u00fczey g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n BM Genel Sekreter Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Folker b\u00f6lgeye resmi bir ziyaret d\u00fczenledi.<\/p>\n \u0130ngiltere Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 John Major, Ba\u015fkan Barzani\u2019nin b\u00f6lgesel bar\u0131\u015f ve ikili ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik mektubuna resmi yan\u0131t verdi.<\/p>\n Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Ba\u011fdat B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilik Yetkilisi Missio Nodinot b\u00f6lgeyi ziyaret ederek Paris y\u00f6netiminin K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131na ve KDP\u2019nin y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc politikaya olan deste\u011fini teyit etti.<\/p>\n Siyasette belirleyici olan elde edilen sonu\u00e7lard\u0131r. 31 A\u011fustos stratejisinin nihai sonucu, bug\u00fcn K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde sa\u011flanan huzur, bar\u0131\u015f ve istikrar ortam\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Erbil\u2019i merkez alarak kurmay\u0131 hedefledi\u011fi n\u00fcfuz alan\u0131 (\u015eii Hilali projesi), KDP\u2019nin kararl\u0131 tutumu sayesinde engellenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n 31 A\u011fustos \u00f6ncesinde Erbil halk\u0131, YNK y\u00f6netiminin bask\u0131, ya\u011fma ve g\u00fcvensizlik ortam\u0131ndan a\u011f\u0131r zarar g\u00f6rmekteydi. M\u00fclk gasp\u0131 ve ara\u00e7 h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 o kadar ileri boyutlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ki, kent halk\u0131n\u0131n ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131nma korkusuyla evlerin \u00e7at\u0131lar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 haf\u0131zalara kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O d\u00f6nem sergilenen tutum, Baas rejiminin uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 aratmayacak d\u00fczeydeydi.<\/p>\n \n Bug\u00fcn YNK ve PKK \u00e7evrelerinin 31 A\u011fustos\u2019u hedef almas\u0131n\u0131n temel sebebi, \u0130ran destekli Erbil\u2019i ele ge\u00e7irme ve KDP\u2019yi tasfiye etme planlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak Ba\u015fkan Mesut Barzani\u2019nin de ifade etti\u011fi gibi: \u201cKDP, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n me\u015fe a\u011fac\u0131d\u0131r; kesmekle veya yakmakla yok edilemez.\u201d<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesi \u00fczerinde hala \u0130ran ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci \u00fclkelerin ve anti-K\u00fcrt cephesinin yok etme planlar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u0130ran hala K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesini a\u011f\u0131r silahlarla vuruyor ve hala i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ileri Irak merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rarak stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc yok etmek istiyor.<\/p>\n B\u00f6lge genelinde kal\u0131c\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 tesis etmek, sahay\u0131 illegal yap\u0131lardan ve tehditlerden ar\u0131nd\u0131rmak ad\u0131na KDP; 31 A\u011fustos 1996\u2019daki kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirerek bu planlar\u0131 yok etmek i\u00e7in tek ba\u015f\u0131na da olsa sahada direniyor.<\/p>\n G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi 31 A\u011fustos olay\u0131 asl\u0131nda K\u00fcrdistan savunmas\u0131nda ki bir direni\u015ftir. Bu direni\u015f k\u00f6t\u00fcy\u00fc k\u00f6t\u00fc ile def etmi\u015f ve bug\u00fcne de\u011fin gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n K\u00fcrt milletinin 31 A\u011fustos Direni\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc kutlu olsun.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Medyada her y\u0131l yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 haberlere ve sapt\u0131rmalara konu olan geli\u015fmelerden biri de 31 A\u011fustos 1996 olay\u0131d\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, YNK ve PKK medyas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sistematik bi\u00e7imde “vatana ihanet” olarak sunulmakta; bu s\u00f6ylem \u00fczerinden kendi kirli ge\u00e7mi\u015fleri ve ger\u00e7ek ihanetleri perdelenmek istenmektedir. K\u00fcrt halk\u0131 t\u00fcm siyasi yap\u0131lar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fine hakim olsa da 31 A\u011fustos\u2019un ard\u0131ndaki tarihsel ger\u00e7ekleri a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1039221,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[31],"class_list":["post-1039220","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kurdistan","tag-onemli"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":7}},"seo_head":"\n