Cengiz Aytmatov\u2019un G\u00fcn Olur Asra Bedel roman\u0131ndaki mankurt imgesi, salt bir edebi fig\u00fcr de\u011fildir. Haf\u0131zan\u0131n sistematik olarak yok edilmesinin, insan\u0131n kendi varolu\u015fsal k\u00f6kenlerinden kopar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Mankurt, ba\u015f\u0131 deri bir k\u00fclahla s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak i\u015fkence g\u00f6ren; ge\u00e7mi\u015fini, dilini, ailesini ve ad\u0131n\u0131 unutan; efendisinin emrine ko\u015fulsuz itaat eden bir k\u00f6ledir. Bu fiziksel i\u015fkence, modern ideolojik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde \u00e7ok daha sofistike ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez y\u00f6ntemlerle tekrarlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
PKK\u2019n\u0131n K\u00fcrd toplumuna uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7, bu imgenin modern, ideolojik ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc bir uyarlamas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rg\u00fct, K\u00fcrd kimli\u011fini kendi ideolojik kal\u0131b\u0131na sokarak \u201cK\u00fcrd\u00fc K\u00fcrdl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ar\u0131nd\u0131rma\u201dy\u0131 fiilen uygulam\u0131\u015f; bunu milli haf\u0131zay\u0131 silme, ulusal referanslar\u0131 itibars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rma ve yerine kendi ideolojik mitolojisini yerle\u015ftirme yoluyla hayata ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
PKK yaln\u0131zca bir siyasi veya silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct de\u011fildir; ayn\u0131 zamanda sistematik bir mankurtla\u015ft\u0131rma projesidir. K\u00fcrdleri kendi tarihinden, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden, dilinden, kahramanlar\u0131ndan ve de\u011ferlerinden kopararak kendi topraklar\u0131nda yabanc\u0131lar haline getirmi\u015f; yerine ideolojik bir \u201cucube\u201d insan tipi koymu\u015ftur. Bu tip, K\u00fcrd oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler ama K\u00fcrd olman\u0131n tarihsel, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ahlaki anlam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir. Bunun en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6stergesi, PKK ve ideolojik alt birimlerinin saflar\u0131ndaki K\u00fcrdlerin \u201culus-devlet ilkelliktir\u201d diyebilmesidir. Kendi ulusal varolu\u015funu, kendi devletini ve egemenli\u011fini \u201cilkel\u201d saymak; haf\u0131zan\u0131n tamamen silindi\u011finin, kimli\u011fin ideolojiye teslim edildi\u011finin en somut kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, yaln\u0131zca siyasi bir sapma de\u011fil, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve varolu\u015fsal bir intihard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 yabanc\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n bir ba\u015fka y\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fudur: Ki\u015fili\u011fi, entelekt\u00fcel birikimi, cesareti ve tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla d\u00fcnya devrimci hareketleri i\u00e7in sembol olmas\u0131 gereken Abdurrahman Kas\u0131mlo, Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da neredeyse hi\u00e7 tan\u0131nmaz. \u0130ran K\u00fcrdistan Demokrat Partisi\u2019nin uzun y\u0131llar genel sekreterli\u011fini y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f, \u201c\u0130ran\u2019a demokrasi, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a \u00f6zerklik\u201d \u015fiar\u0131n\u0131 savunan, \u00e7ok dilli ve entelekt\u00fcel bir lider olan Kas\u0131mlo; \u201chalklar\u0131n karde\u015fli\u011fi\u201d slogan\u0131 alt\u0131nda K\u00fcrd de\u011ferlerini, tarihsel fig\u00fcrleri ve ulusal referanslar\u0131 bilin\u00e7li bi\u00e7imde yok sayan PKK ve ideolojik t\u00fcrevi yap\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan adeta yok h\u00fckm\u00fcnde b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir halk\u0131n kendi b\u00fcy\u00fcklerini unutturup yerlerine yaln\u0131zca \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn \u201ckutsal\u201d isimlerini koymak, haf\u0131zay\u0131 kontrol etmek ve kimli\u011fi yeniden yazmak demektir.<\/p>\n
Kas\u0131mlo \u00f6rne\u011fi tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildir. Benzer \u015fekilde, K\u00fcrd siyasi tarihinin farkl\u0131 gelenekleri ya tamamen silinmi\u015f ya da \u201ci\u015fbirlik\u00e7ilik\u201d ve \u201cfeodalizm\u201d yaftalar\u0131yla karalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece K\u00fcrd gen\u00e7li\u011fine tek bir tarih, tek bir kahraman ve tek bir yol b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mankurtla\u015ft\u0131rma projesinin derinli\u011fi birka\u00e7 katmanda i\u015fler:<\/p>\n
K\u00fcrd dilinin ve s\u00f6zl\u00fc-yaz\u0131l\u0131 gelene\u011finin yerini \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn jargonla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ideolojikle\u015ftirilmi\u015f s\u00f6ylemi al\u0131r. Destanlar, halk t\u00fcrk\u00fcleri, klasik \u015fiir ve tarihsel fig\u00fcrler ya yok say\u0131l\u0131r ya da \u201cfeodal kal\u0131nt\u0131\u201d, \u201cgerici miras\u201d diye damgalan\u0131r. Dil, art\u0131k bir halk\u0131n d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc, mizah\u0131n\u0131, ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve sevgisini ta\u015f\u0131yan canl\u0131 bir varl\u0131k olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar; ideolojik sadakat ve mobilizasyon arac\u0131 haline gelir.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcrd tarihinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, ele\u015ftirel ve \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 okumas\u0131 engellenir; yerine tek-merkezli bir \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesi\u201d anlat\u0131s\u0131 konur. Bu anlat\u0131, kendi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ulusal, demokratik veya liberal referans\u0131 \u201ci\u015fbirlik\u00e7ilik\u201d, \u201cilkel milliyet\u00e7ilik\u201d veya \u201cburjuva sapmas\u0131\u201d olarak mahk\u00fbm eder. Sonu\u00e7 olarak K\u00fcrd, kendi topraklar\u0131nda kendi tarihine yabanc\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir \u201c\u00f6teki\u201d haline gelir.<\/p>\n
Bireyin ahlaki pusulas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn emrine g\u00f6re yeniden ayarlan\u0131r. Cesaret, tutarl\u0131l\u0131k, entelekt\u00fcel d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck ve vicdan gibi de\u011ferler yaln\u0131zca \u00f6rg\u00fcte sadakatle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ele\u015ftiri ihanet, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi sapk\u0131nl\u0131k say\u0131l\u0131r. Bu, Aytmatov\u2019un mankurtunun \u201cefendiye k\u00f6r\u00fc k\u00f6r\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k\u201d durumunun tam kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 yaln\u0131zca siyasi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir tahribat \u00fcretmez; derin psikolojik y\u0131k\u0131mlara da yol a\u00e7ar. Haf\u0131zas\u0131 silinen bireyde kimlik karma\u015fas\u0131, s\u00fcrekli bir aidiyet bo\u015flu\u011fu ve i\u00e7sel par\u00e7alanma olu\u015fur. Ki\u015fi, kendi k\u00f6klerine yabanc\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kendini de\u011fersiz hisseder; bu da \u00f6z-nefret, utan\u00e7 ve s\u00fcrekli bir \u201cyetersizlik\u201d duygusuyla sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r. \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimli\u011fe ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k, bireysel iradeyi zay\u0131flat\u0131r ve ki\u015fi \u00f6zg\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme yetisini yitirir.<\/p>\n
Kolektif d\u00fczeyde ise travma ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131l\u0131r: Gen\u00e7ler, kendi tarihlerini bilmeden b\u00fcy\u00fcr; ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce k\u00f6relir, korku ve konformizm normalle\u015fir. Sonu\u00e7ta ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan tip, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte \u201cm\u00fccadeleci\u201d ama i\u00e7sel olarak bo\u015f, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 ve y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc yitirmi\u015f bir varl\u0131kt\u0131r. Mankurtun en ac\u0131 hali budur: Art\u0131k zincirleri kendi zihninde ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fte PKK\u2019n\u0131n mankurtla\u015ft\u0131rma projesinin en derin ve en tehlikeli boyutu budur: K\u00fcrd\u00fc K\u00fcrdl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ar\u0131nd\u0131rarak kendi ge\u00e7mi\u015fine yabanc\u0131, kendi gelece\u011fine de k\u00f6r bir varl\u0131k haline getirmek. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, \u201cK\u00fcrdl\u00fck\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ama K\u00fcrd olman\u0131n tarihsel, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ahlaki anlam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f bir tip \u00fcretir. Mankurt, efendisinin emrini yerine getirirken kendi ad\u0131n\u0131 bile hat\u0131rlamaz; benzer \u015fekilde ideolojik mankurt da \u201culus-devlet ilkelliktir\u201d derken kendi halk\u0131n\u0131n egemenlik hakk\u0131n\u0131 ve tarihsel s\u00fcreklili\u011fini ink\u00e2r eder.<\/p>\n
Bu ele\u015ftiri, herhangi bir siyasi kampla\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, bir halk\u0131n kendi haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131, dilini, kahramanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve de\u011ferlerini koruma hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131d\u0131r. Haf\u0131za silindi\u011finde, kimlik ideolojiye teslim edildi\u011finde geriye kalan yaln\u0131zca efendinin ya da \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir k\u00f6lelik formudur. Aytmatov\u2019un uyar\u0131s\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 ge\u00e7erlidir: Mankurtla\u015fmak, insan\u0131n kendi insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yitirmesidir.<\/p>\n
As\u0131l direni\u015f, kar\u015f\u0131-haf\u0131zan\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131yla ba\u015flar. Unutturulan isimleri yeniden anmak, yasaklanan sorular\u0131 sormak, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn tekelle\u015ftirdi\u011fi tarihi \u00e7o\u011faltmak ve K\u00fcrd dilini ideolojik jargondan ar\u0131nd\u0131rarak yeniden kendi s\u00f6zleriyle konu\u015fmak\u2026 Bunlar silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleden daha k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fme eylemidir. Kas\u0131mlo\u2019yu, di\u011fer unutturulan fig\u00fcrleri, destanlar\u0131, t\u00fcrk\u00fcleri ve ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmak; mankurtla\u015ft\u0131rma projesinin zincirlerini k\u0131rman\u0131n ilk ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 geri alan bir halk, kimli\u011fini de geri al\u0131r. Ve kimli\u011fini geri alan bir halk, art\u0131k kimsenin k\u00f6lesi olamaz.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcleyman Akkoyun<\/p>\n
\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Cengiz Aytmatov\u2019un G\u00fcn Olur Asra Bedel roman\u0131ndaki mankurt imgesi, salt bir edebi fig\u00fcr de\u011fildir. Haf\u0131zan\u0131n sistematik olarak yok edilmesinin, insan\u0131n kendi varolu\u015fsal k\u00f6kenlerinden kopar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Mankurt, ba\u015f\u0131 deri bir k\u00fclahla s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak i\u015fkence g\u00f6ren; ge\u00e7mi\u015fini, dilini, ailesini ve ad\u0131n\u0131 unutan; efendisinin emrine ko\u015fulsuz itaat eden bir k\u00f6ledir. Bu fiziksel i\u015fkence, modern ideolojik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde \u00e7ok […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1039280,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[31],"class_list":["post-1039279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forum","tag-onemli"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":8}},"seo_head":"\n