{"id":1039718,"date":"2026-11-04T17:30:36","date_gmt":"2026-11-04T14:30:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/darkamazi.site\/?p=1039718"},"modified":"2026-11-04T17:30:36","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T14:30:36","slug":"daginik-bir-kutuphane-british-librarydeki-kurd-yazmalari-ve-cok-lehceli-bir-yazi-gelenegi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/darkamazi.site\/archives\/1039718","title":{"rendered":"Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k Bir K\u00fct\u00fcphane: British Library’deki K\u00fcrd Yazmalar\u0131 ve \u00c7ok Leh\u00e7eli Bir Yaz\u0131 Gelene\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u00fcrd yaz\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen tart\u0131\u015fmalarda en s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kabul, K\u00fcrdlerin devletsizlik nedeniyle<\/strong> az yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu y\u00fczden de geride s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da yazma b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki kanaattir. Bu kanaat ilk bak\u0131\u015fta ar\u015fiv rakamlar\u0131yla da desteklenmektedir. <\/em><\/p>\n

British Library’nin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve T\u00fcrk dilleri koleksiyonlar\u0131ndan sorumlu k\u00fcrat\u00f6r\u00fc Michael Erdman<\/strong>‘\u0131n Kas\u0131m 2019’da k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin Asya ve Afrika \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 blogunda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sa yaz\u0131, kurumun elindeki K\u00fcrd\u00e7e yazmalar\u0131 tan\u0131t\u0131rken bu dengesizli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymaktad\u0131r: T\u00fcrk dillerinde yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rt bin yazmaya kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k K\u00fcrd\u00e7e yaln\u0131zca sekiz yazma metin. <\/em><\/p>\n

Erdman bu k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00fcrd\u00e7enin uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc bir imparatorlu\u011fun dili ve geni\u015f bir dini cemaatin ayin dili olmamas\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klamakta, ama ayn\u0131 yaz\u0131da koleksiyonun leh\u00e7e \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini bir zenginlik olarak da \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. Bu incelemede s\u00f6z konusu sekiz metin, k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n de\u011fil da\u011f\u0131lman\u0131n tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak okunmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong> Okuma, \u00e7ok leh\u00e7elilik<\/strong>, himaye<\/strong>, okuma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc<\/strong>, ar\u015fiv da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> ve katalog g\u00f6r\u00fcnmezli\u011fi<\/strong> kavramlar\u0131 ekseninde kurulmaktad\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

Erdman’\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131, yaz\u0131n\u0131n iktidarla ili\u015fkisidir. K\u00fct\u00fcphanenin Writing: Making Your Mark<\/em><\/strong> sergisinden hareketle yazar, bir devletin belirli bir yaz\u0131y\u0131 ya da dili kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n o ifade bi\u00e7imine resmiyet ve prestij kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yaz\u0131n\u0131n bir devletin egemenli\u011fini ordular\u0131n\u0131n ula\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlere ta\u015f\u0131yabildi\u011fini hat\u0131rlatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131ca, Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7an\u0131n aksine K\u00fcrd\u00e7e, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna kadar uzun s\u00fcreler boyunca devlet belgelerinin ya da devlet destekli bir edebi k\u00fclliyat\u0131n arac\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Erdman’a g\u00f6re K\u00fcrd\u00e7e ayr\u0131ca \u0130branice ve S\u00fcryanicenin sahip oldu\u011fu t\u00fcrden bir ayin dili deste\u011finden de yoksundur.<\/p>\n

\u0130branice binlerce y\u0131l devlet dili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki Yahudilerin ayin dili olarak geni\u015f bir dini ve d\u00fcnyevi k\u00fclliyat \u00fcretmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yazar bu durumu K\u00fcrd\u00e7enin “\u00e7ifte dezavantaj\u0131”<\/em><\/strong> olarak tan\u0131mlamakta ve k\u00fct\u00fcphanedeki K\u00fcrd\u00e7e yazmalar\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bu iki eksiklikle a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klama yap\u0131sal olarak do\u011fru bir noktaya i\u015faret etmekle birlikte, K\u00fcrd yaz\u0131 gelene\u011finin kendi himaye kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 ve kendi kutsal metinlerini hesaba katmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in eksik kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrd\u00e7enin hi\u00e7bir zaman bir ayin dili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131, \u00f6zellikle Goran\u00ee leh\u00e7esi s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda temkinle kar\u015f\u0131lanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiliz \u0130ranolog David Neil MacKenzie<\/strong>, Encyclopaedia Iranica<\/em> i\u00e7in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddede Goran\u00ee\u2019nin<\/em><\/strong> Gahvare \u00e7evresinde yo\u011funla\u015fan Yarsan inanc\u0131n\u0131n kutsal metinlerinin ilk dili oldu\u011funu ve bug\u00fcn de \u00f6yle kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n

Kurmanc\u00ee<\/em><\/strong> ise medrese e\u011fitiminde fiilen bir \u00f6\u011fretim dili i\u015flevi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hollandal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Michiel Leezenberg, El\u00ee Teremax\u00ee \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 incelemede medrese hocalar\u0131n\u0131n Arap\u00e7a metinleri \u00f6\u011frencilerine K\u00fcrd\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Teremax\u00ee’nin K\u00fcrd\u00e7e yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sarf kitab\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcrd\u00e7e dilbilgisi \u00fczerine bug\u00fcne ula\u015fan en eski ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleri i\u00e7erdi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee’nin N\u00fbbihara Bi\u00e7\u00fbkan<\/em><\/strong> ve Eq\u00eedeya \u00ceman\u00ea<\/em><\/strong> adl\u0131 eserlerinin y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca medrese m\u00fcfredat\u0131nda okutulmas\u0131 da ayn\u0131 olgunun bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla K\u00fcrd\u00e7e, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir cemaatin tek ayin dili olmasa da, inanc\u0131n ve dini bilginin aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 canl\u0131 bir yaz\u0131 dili olarak i\u015flemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Devlet himayesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da tablo Erdman’\u0131n \u00e7izdi\u011finden daha karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. K\u00fcrd yaz\u0131 gelene\u011finin tarihi, imparatorluk k\u00e2tipliklerinden de\u011fil, K\u00fcrd emirliklerinin saraylar\u0131ndan<\/strong> beslenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Merkezi Sine olan Erdelan<\/em><\/strong> emirli\u011finin saray\u0131, Goran\u00ee \u015fiirinin ba\u015fl\u0131ca himaye merkezi olmu\u015f, Mele Per\u00ee\u015fan’dan Xanay Qubad\u00ee’ye ve Mewlew\u00ee’ye uzanan bir \u015fiir gelene\u011fi bu leh\u00e7ede kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Sil\u00eaman\u00ee merkezli Baban<\/em><\/strong> emirli\u011fi ise 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Nal\u00ee, Salim ve Kurd\u00ee gibi \u015fairlerin temsil etti\u011fi ve modern Soran\u00ee edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n temelini atan Baban \u015fiir okulunu desteklemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu emirliklerin tasfiye tarihleri dikkat \u00e7ekicidir: Botan 1847’de, Baban 1850’de, Erdelan ise 1867’de Ka\u00e7ar y\u00f6netimince kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fcrd\u00e7e yaz\u0131n\u0131n hamisiz kalmas\u0131 bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 durumu de\u011fil, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortas\u0131nda imparatorluklar\u0131n merkezile\u015fme politikalar\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir tasfiyenin sonucudur.<\/strong> Bu bak\u0131mdan British Library’deki yazmalar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn tam da bu tasfiye y\u0131llar\u0131na denk gelen 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l kopyalar\u0131 olmas\u0131 rastlant\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemelidir.<\/p>\n

Koleksiyonun olu\u015fum tarihi, bu da\u011f\u0131lman\u0131n nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini somut bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6stermektedir. K\u00fct\u00fcphanenin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc katalog kay\u0131tlar\u0131, K\u00fcrd\u00e7e yazmalar\u0131n tek bir ba\u011f\u0131\u015fla ya da tek bir al\u0131m kampanyas\u0131yla de\u011fil, yakla\u015f\u0131k bir bu\u00e7uk y\u00fczy\u0131la yay\u0131lan rastlant\u0131sal edinimlerle geldi\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bu edinimlerin ilk dura\u011f\u0131, Do\u011fu Hindistan \u015eirketi’nin Ba\u011fdat’taki temsilcisi Claudius James Rich<\/strong>‘tir.<\/p>\n

Rich, May\u0131s 1820’de Sil\u00eaman\u00ee’ye giderek Baban<\/em><\/strong> emiri Mehm\u00fbd Pa\u015fa ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, bu yolculu\u011fun izlenimleri \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra dul e\u015finin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 1836’da yay\u0131mlanan Kurdistan seyahatnamesinde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rich, Ekim 1821’de \u015eiraz’da koleradan \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiliz Parlamentosu 22 Nisan 1825’te Rich’in yazma, eski eser ve sikke koleksiyonunun British Museum i\u00e7in sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na 7.500 sterline kadar \u00f6denek ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Goran\u00ee leh\u00e7esiyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Xusraw \u00fb \u015e\u00eer\u00een<\/em><\/strong> mesnevisinin 1816 tarihli kopyas\u0131 ile Leyla ve Mecnun <\/em><\/strong>hik\u00e2yesini ve Khursh\u012bd-i Kh\u0101var<\/em><\/strong> hik\u00e2yesini birlikte i\u00e7eren Goran\u00ee yazma, k\u00fct\u00fcphaneye bu yolla, Rich koleksiyonunun par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci durak<\/em><\/strong> da Ba\u011fdat’a ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Goran\u00ee leh\u00e7esiyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Bahram \u00fb Gulandam<\/em><\/strong> mesnevisi, k\u00fct\u00fcphane kayd\u0131na g\u00f6re Nisan 1860’ta Mrs. Taylor adl\u0131 bir sat\u0131c\u0131dan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 ay British Museum’un, 1821’den itibaren Ba\u011fdat’ta \u0130ngiliz siyasi temsilcisi olarak g\u00f6rev yapan Robert Taylor’\u0131n dul e\u015finden T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Fars\u00e7a ve Arap\u00e7a y\u00fczlerce yazma sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Bu yazman\u0131n da b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle Taylor koleksiyonundan geldi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc durak<\/em><\/strong> ise \u0130ngiliz diplomasisinin \u0130ran ve Hindistan a\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Laki ve Erdelan\u00ee leh\u00e7eleriyle Fars\u00e7a aras\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f iki s\u00f6zl\u00fck\u00e7eyi ve bir \u0130ngilizce K\u00fcrd\u00e7e kelime listesini i\u00e7eren derleme, katalog kayd\u0131na g\u00f6re Muhammed H\u00fcseyin Han adl\u0131 bir ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan 12 Nisan 1811’de Bu\u015fehr’de, \u0130ngiliz diplomat Sir John Malcolm i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Derleme, \u015eubat 1865’te C. J. Erskine’den sat\u0131n al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 ciltte Babur’un hat\u0131rat\u0131ndaki nadir s\u00f6zc\u00fckler i\u00e7in bir \u00c7a\u011fatayca s\u00f6zl\u00fck\u00e7enin bulunmas\u0131, bu yazman\u0131n Babur hat\u0131rat\u0131n\u0131 1826’da \u0130ngilizceye \u00e7eviren William Erskine’in \u00e7evresinden geldi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir. William Erskine ile Claudius James Rich’in, Sir James Mackintosh’un iki k\u0131z\u0131yla evlenerek bacanak olduklar\u0131 da bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrd\u00e7e yazmalar\u0131n Londra’ya ula\u015fma yolu, K\u00fcrd emirliklerinin kendi k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri de\u011fil, Ba\u011fdat’tan Bombay’a uzanan \u0130ngiliz memurlar\u0131n\u0131n aile ve meslek a\u011flar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Erdman, bu derlemenin son sahibi Erskine taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturuldu\u011funu yazmaktad\u0131r. Katalog kayd\u0131 ise ciltteki K\u00fcrd\u00e7e s\u00f6zl\u00fck\u00e7elerin i\u00e7eri\u011finin Erskine’den yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce, bir \u0130ranl\u0131 m\u00fcn\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan bir \u0130ngiliz el\u00e7isi i\u00e7in kaleme al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu ayr\u0131m \u00f6nemsiz de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Erdman’\u0131n da kabul etti\u011fi gibi bu t\u00fcr s\u00f6zl\u00fck\u00e7eler \u0130ngiliz askeri ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrge memurlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131n bir uygulamayd\u0131 ve daha resmi bi\u00e7imleri h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurumlar\u0131nca bas\u0131l\u0131yordu. Yazar\u0131n \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ve \u0130ngilizce, Arap\u00e7a, Fars\u00e7a, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Ermenice, K\u00fcrd\u00e7e ve S\u00fcryanice kelime listelerini bir araya getiren askeri yay\u0131n, bu ihtiyac\u0131n imparatorlu\u011fun son d\u00f6nemindeki boyutunu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Ne var ki ayn\u0131 derlemede Lak\u00ee ile Erdelan\u00ee’nin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 kaydedilmi\u015f olmas\u0131, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda K\u00fcrd\u00e7enin leh\u00e7e \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finin bilgi toplayan s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan da tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6m\u00fcrge s\u00f6zl\u00fck\u00e7esi, kendi amac\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, standartla\u015fma \u00f6ncesi K\u00fcrd\u00e7enin i\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fine dair bir tan\u0131kl\u0131k niteli\u011fi kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda gelen yazmalar ise bu kez ba\u015fka bir da\u011f\u0131lma bi\u00e7imini yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Kurmanc\u00ee manzum Arap\u00e7a-K\u00fcrd\u00e7e s\u00f6zl\u00fck N\u00fbbihara Bi\u00e7\u00fbkan<\/em><\/strong> ile Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee’nin 1687’de yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 akaid manzumesi Eq\u00eedeya \u00ceman\u00ea<\/em><\/strong>‘yi i\u00e7eren 18. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait derleme, 30 Mart 1901’de I. E. Geljon adl\u0131 bir sat\u0131c\u0131dan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Goran\u00ee antolojisi 14 Ekim 1902’de Mirza Said adl\u0131 bir ki\u015fiden, Seyfulmul\u00fbk<\/em><\/strong> mesnevisinin hasarl\u0131 kopyas\u0131 16 Temmuz 1919’da, Mem \u00fb Z\u00een<\/em><\/strong>‘in 1806-07 tarihli kopyas\u0131 ise 1951’de k\u00fct\u00fcphaneye girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Bu yazmalar\u0131n hangi yollardan ge\u00e7erek Avrupa’daki sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n eline ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kay\u0131tlarda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde belirsiz kalmaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu belirsizlik, bir yazman\u0131n as\u0131l sahibinin, okundu\u011fu medresenin ya da tekkenin ve kopyaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fehrin bilgisinin, nesnenin kendisi Londra’ya ula\u015f\u0131rken yolda kayboldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

    Bir yazman\u0131n ar\u015five giri\u015fi, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman onu \u00fcreten ve okuyan \u00e7evreden kopu\u015funun da tarihidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bu kopu\u015fun en anlaml\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi, koleksiyonun en bilinen par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Goran\u00ee antolojisidir. K\u00fct\u00fcphane kayd\u0131na g\u00f6re 1782-84 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Rojhelat’taki Besaran y\u00f6resinde kopyalanan bu yazma, uzun ve dar sef\u00eene<\/em><\/strong> bi\u00e7iminde bir \u015fiir defteridir ve \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fairlere ait 370 \u015fiir i\u00e7ermektedir. Ta\u015f\u0131nmaya elveri\u015fli bu defter bi\u00e7imi, \u015fiirin meclisten meclise g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, okundu\u011fu ve ezberlendi\u011fi bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn maddi izi olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n

    Antoloji, K\u00fcrd\u00e7e ve \u0130ngilizce olarak Enver Soltani taraf\u0131ndan 1990’lar\u0131n sonunda iki dilli bir edisyon h\u00e2linde yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. MacKenzie ise 1965’te yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Goran\u00ee lirik \u015fiiri incelemesine, Goran\u00eenin bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki ilk g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc Charles Rieu’nun 1881’de British Museum’daki Fars\u00e7a<\/strong> yazmalar katalo\u011funa ekledi\u011fi k\u0131sa dilbilgisi tasla\u011f\u0131yla tarihlendirerek ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle bir K\u00fcrd leh\u00e7esinin Avrupa bilimine giri\u015fi, K\u00fcrd\u00e7e bir katalogla de\u011fil, Fars\u00e7a bir katalogun ekiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Goran\u00ee yazmalar, kendi adlar\u0131yla de\u011fil, Fars edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n bir yan kolu olarak kayda ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bu durum, Erdman’\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca teknik bir g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck olarak an\u0131lan katalog meselesinin asl\u0131nda koleksiyonun b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de belirledi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir. Erdman, k\u00fct\u00fcphanedeki b\u00fct\u00fcn K\u00fcrd\u00e7e yazmalar\u0131n Arap harfleriyle yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve devlet destekli bir standartla\u015fman\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kolayl\u0131ktan yoksun olan katalogcunun metnin leh\u00e7esini belirlemede ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. Ne var ki ayn\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck, bir metnin K\u00fcrd\u00e7e olarak tan\u0131n\u0131p tan\u0131nmamas\u0131n\u0131 da etkilemektedir.<\/p>\n

    K\u00fct\u00fcphanenin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i katalo\u011funda K\u00fcrd\u00e7e olarak i\u015faretlenmi\u015f kay\u0131tlar aras\u0131nda, Erdman’\u0131n sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sekiz metnin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Ali’nin cenklerini anlatan bir mesnevi, bir Newroz kitab\u0131 ve uzun bir cengnameden olu\u015fan Goran\u00ee ve Fars\u00e7a bir derleme de yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu derlemenin tan\u0131m\u0131, 1968’de yay\u0131mlanan bir Fars\u00e7a yazmalar el listesine dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Ayn\u0131 katalogda Goran\u00ee yazmalar\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131 da bu leh\u00e7enin K\u00fcrd\u00e7e say\u0131l\u0131p say\u0131lmamas\u0131 konusunda teredd\u00fctl\u00fc bir form\u00fclle yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bir koleksiyondaki K\u00fcrd\u00e7e yazmalar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131, yaln\u0131zca \u00fcretilen metinlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, katalogcular\u0131n K\u00fcrd\u00e7eyi tan\u0131ma kapasitesini de \u00f6l\u00e7mektedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bu nedenle sekiz rakam\u0131 kesin bir s\u0131n\u0131r olarak de\u011fil, bug\u00fcne kadarki tan\u0131ma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici bir sonucu olarak okunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Erdman’\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yan\u0131, koleksiyonun leh\u00e7e \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini bir eksiklik de\u011fil, bir zenginlik olarak sunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yazar bug\u00fcn K\u00fcrd\u00e7enin iki ana leh\u00e7esini anmaktad\u0131r. Kurmanc\u00ee a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Bakur’da, Rojava’da ve Ermenistan’da, ayr\u0131ca Ba\u015f\u00fbr’un ve Rojhelat’\u0131n kuzey kesimlerinde konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Soran\u00ee ise Ba\u015f\u00fbr’un ve Rojhelat’\u0131n orta kesimlerinde yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Bunlara Amed, Sil\u00eaman\u00ee ve Hewl\u00ear \u00e7evresindeki yayg\u0131n s\u00f6yleyi\u015flerden farkl\u0131la\u015fan \u00e7ok say\u0131da yerel a\u011f\u0131z ile K\u00fcrd\u00e7enin Zazak\u00ee ve Goran\u00ee leh\u00e7eleri eklenmektedir. Alfabe \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi de bu tabloyu derinle\u015ftirmektedir. Bakur’da ve Ermenistan’da Kurmanc\u00ee Latin harfleriyle, Ba\u015f\u00fbr’da ve Rojhelat’ta Soran\u00ee Arap harfleriyle yaz\u0131lmakta, Ermenistan’da 1991’e kadar Kiril alfabesi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    K\u00fcrd\u00e7enin Kurmanc\u00ee, Soran\u00ee, Zazak\u00ee ve Goran\u00ee leh\u00e7eleri, tek bir ulusal dilin farkl\u0131 merkezlerde geli\u015fmi\u015f kollar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bu \u00e7ok merkezlilik, yazmalar\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011finde de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a izlenebilmektedir. Koleksiyondaki Goran\u00ee metinlerin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Fars edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc a\u015fk hik\u00e2yelerinin bu leh\u00e7eye aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imleridir: Xusraw \u00fb \u015e\u00eer\u00een, Leyla ve Mecnun, Bahram \u00fb Gulandam<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    Kurmanc\u00ee Seyfulmul\u00fbk<\/em><\/strong> ise Siyahp\u00fb\u015f mahlasl\u0131 ve 1830-31’de \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f bir \u015fairin, Bin Bir Gece Masallar\u0131’ndaki M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 prens hik\u00e2yesinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mesnevidir. K\u00fct\u00fcphanedeki 1869-70 tarihli kopya tam harekeli bir Arap yaz\u0131s\u0131yla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve katalog kayd\u0131na g\u00f6re i\u00e7erdi\u011fi Kurmanc\u00ee a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131n tam olarak hangisi oldu\u011fu hen\u00fcz belirlenememi\u015ftir. Erdman bu metinleri, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda yayg\u0131n hik\u00e2yelerin K\u00fcrd yarat\u0131c\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne nas\u0131l al\u0131n\u0131p \u00f6z\u00fcmsendi\u011finin kan\u0131t\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmektedir. Bu tespit, K\u00fcrd edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n Fars ve Arap edebiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde de\u011fil, ortak Bat\u0131 Asya hik\u00e2ye hazinesini kendi leh\u00e7eleriyle yeniden yazan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir edebiyat oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde okunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Aktarma, bir edebiyat\u0131n ba\u015fka bir edebiyata ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil, kendi dilinde ayn\u0131 hik\u00e2yeyi anlatma iradesinin g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Erdman’\u0131n Goran\u00ee terc\u00fcmelere ili\u015fkin en dikkate de\u011fer g\u00f6zlemi, bu yazmalar\u0131n sade \u00fcretimiyle ilgilidir. \u00dc\u00e7 yazman\u0131n da s\u00fcslemeden yoksun olmas\u0131, k\u00e2tibin ve kopyaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerin bilgisinin bulunmamas\u0131, yazara g\u00f6re bu metinlerin K\u00fcrd\u00e7e konu\u015fanlar aras\u0131ndaki daha geni\u015f bir okuma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn<\/em><\/strong> par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Bu yazmalar l\u00fcks sanat eserleri de\u011fildir, ama yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve sayfa d\u00fczenleri K\u00fcrdlerin kendi dillerinde edebiyat\u0131 nas\u0131l okudu\u011fu ve payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda de\u011ferli bilgiler sunmaktad\u0131r. Mem \u00fb Z\u00een<\/em><\/strong> yazmas\u0131 da benzer bir tan\u0131kl\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. 1806-07’de kopyalanan bu n\u00fcshan\u0131n ilk yapraklar\u0131nda 1810-11 ve 1827-28 tarihli beyitler ve notlar, kenarlar\u0131nda Kurmanc\u00ee ve Fars\u00e7a farkl\u0131 ellerden derkenarlar, sonunda ise altlar\u0131na sahiplerinin adlar\u0131 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f on be\u015f m\u00fch\u00fcr bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Elden ele dola\u015fan, okunan, kenar\u0131na not d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen ve m\u00fch\u00fcrlenen bir Mem \u00fb Z\u00een n\u00fcshas\u0131, K\u00fcrd yaz\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn saray k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinden \u00e7ok okur \u00e7evrelerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Xan\u00ee’nin eserlerinin ve Goran\u00ee terc\u00fcmelerinin bu \u015fekilde dola\u015fmas\u0131, K\u00fcrd yaz\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ok dilli bir ortamda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da hat\u0131rlatmaktad\u0131r. N\u00fbbihara Bi\u00e7\u00fbkan ile Eq\u00eedeya \u00ceman\u00ea’yi i\u00e7eren derlemede bu iki Kurmanc\u00ee metin, 1740’ta kopyalanm\u0131\u015f Fars\u00e7a gazellerin, 1703’te kopyalanm\u0131\u015f Attar’\u0131n Pendnamesi’nin, Osmanl\u0131ca bir dilbilgisi metninin ve Fars\u00e7a dilbilgisi eserlerinin yan\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 ciltte d\u00f6rt dilin bir arada bulunmas\u0131, medrese \u00f6\u011frencisinin Arap\u00e7a, Fars\u00e7a ve Osmanl\u0131ca ile birlikte K\u00fcrd\u00e7e okudu\u011fu bir e\u011fitim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n tipik \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    Erdman da Xan\u00ee’nin N\u00fbbihar’\u0131 K\u00fcrd medrese \u00f6\u011frencilerine Arap\u00e7a \u00f6\u011fretmek amac\u0131yla yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Eq\u00eede’nin de geleneksel olarak bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 metni olarak okutuldu\u011funu vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    K\u00fcrd\u00e7e bu d\u00fcnyada Arap\u00e7an\u0131n ve Fars\u00e7an\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde kalan bir yerel dil de\u011fil, \u00f6\u011frencinin \u00f6teki dillere a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk kap\u0131 olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    British Library’deki sekiz metin, K\u00fcrd yazmalar\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa’daki da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Rus konsolosu Alexandre Jaba, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Erzirom’da Mela Mehm\u00fbd\u00ea Baz\u00eed\u00ee’nin yard\u0131m\u0131yla derledi\u011fi elliyi a\u015fk\u0131n K\u00fcrd\u00e7e yazmay\u0131 Petersburg’a g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Bu derleme Melay\u00ea Ciz\u00eer\u00ee’nin, Feqiy\u00ea Teyran’\u0131n, Melay\u00ea Batey\u00ee’nin ve Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee’nin eserlerini i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n

    Alman \u0130ranolog Oskar Mann, 1901-03 ve 1906-07 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Kurdistan’da ve \u0130ran’da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolculuklarda toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yazmalar\u0131 Berlin’e ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f, Alman k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerindeki K\u00fcrd\u00e7e yazmalar ise 1970’te Kamal Fuad taraf\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 bir katalogda tan\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Londra, Petersburg ve Berlin’de saklanan bu koleksiyonlar birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, K\u00fcrd yaz\u0131l\u0131 miras\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak hi\u00e7bir yerde bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ama her biri farkl\u0131 bir imparatorluk ili\u015fkisinin izini ta\u015f\u0131yan par\u00e7alar h\u00e2linde Avrupa’n\u0131n ba\u015fkentlerine da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

    K\u00fcrd yazmalar\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa ar\u015fivlerindeki da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Kurdistan’\u0131n siyasal b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fct\u00fcphane raflar\u0131ndaki yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    K\u00fcrd yaz\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, K\u00fcrdlerin yazmamas\u0131ndan de\u011fil, yaz\u0131lanlar\u0131n kendi himaye kurumlar\u0131yla birlikte da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ve ba\u015fka dillerin kataloglar\u0131 i\u00e7inde g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Erdman’\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kapan\u0131\u015f\u0131, bu da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k miras\u0131n bir “anl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn”<\/em><\/strong> koruyucusu olmaktan duyulan memnuniyeti dile getirmektedir. Yazara g\u00f6re devlet himayesinin yoklu\u011fu K\u00fcrdleri Fars\u00e7a, Arap\u00e7a ya da Osmanl\u0131ca \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde bir yaz\u0131l\u0131 kanon olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in gereken kaynaklardan yoksun b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f, ama onlar\u0131n metinleri yazmas\u0131n\u0131, payla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, yaymas\u0131n\u0131 ve gelecek ku\u015faklar i\u00e7in korumas\u0131n\u0131 engellememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Bu tespit, K\u00fcrd yaz\u0131 gelene\u011finin diren\u00e7li karakterini teslim etmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yerindedir. Bununla birlikte yaz\u0131da, k\u00fct\u00fcphaneye Kurmanc\u00ee eserlerin tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131nda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan bir K\u00fcrd ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131ya, Mardin Artuklu \u00dcniversitesi’nden Yakup Ayka\u00e7’a te\u015fekk\u00fcr edilmesi, bu miras\u0131n Avrupa’da bile ancak K\u00fcrd uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla okunabilir h\u00e2le geldi\u011fini dolayl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

    Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k bir k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin yeniden okunabilmesi, ancak o k\u00fct\u00fcphaneyi \u00fcreten ulusun kendi bilgi birikiminin ar\u015five geri d\u00f6nmesiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bu nedenle British Library’deki sekiz metnin bug\u00fcn ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fer, say\u0131lar\u0131yla de\u011fil, anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 tarihle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmelidir. Bir Besaran \u015fiir defteri, Ba\u011fdat’taki \u0130ngiliz temsilcilerinin k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinden ge\u00e7en Goran\u00ee mesneviler, bir \u0130ngiliz el\u00e7isi i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f Lak\u00ee ve Erdelan\u00ee s\u00f6zl\u00fck\u00e7eler, medrese \u00f6\u011frencisinin d\u00f6rt dilli defteri ve on be\u015f m\u00fch\u00fcrl\u00fc bir Mem \u00fb Z\u00een, birlikte Kurdistan’\u0131n yaz\u0131 co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n birden fazla merkezi oldu\u011funu, bu merkezlerin her birinin kendi leh\u00e7esinde yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu birikimin 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda emirliklerin tasfiyesiyle birlikte da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

    Bu yazmalar\u0131n dijitalle\u015ftirilmesi, eksiksiz bir ortak katalogda bir araya getirilmesi ve K\u00fcrd ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n eri\u015fimine a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin en az\u0131ndan okur nezdinde yeniden birle\u015ftirilmesi anlam\u0131na gelecektir.<\/p>\n

    \u00c7ok leh\u00e7elili\u011fin bir ulusal zenginlik, himayenin tasfiye edilmi\u015f bir kurum, okuma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn elden ele dola\u015fan n\u00fcshalar, ar\u015fiv da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n imparatorluklar\u0131n izi, katalog g\u00f6r\u00fcnmezli\u011finin ise ba\u015fka dillerin raflar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir miras oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, K\u00fcrd yaz\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc az yazm\u0131\u015f bir ulusun de\u011fil, yazd\u0131klar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ulusun miras\u0131 olarak kavranabilir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n

    H\u00fcsamettin TURAN<\/h2>\n

    Kaynak\u00e7a<\/h2>\n

    Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k Avam Kamaras\u0131. (1825). British Museum: Bay Rich’in Koleksiyonu.<\/p>\n

    British Library. (2025). Ar\u015fiv ve Yazmalar Katalo\u011fu: K\u00fcrd\u00e7e Do\u011fu Yazmalar\u0131 Kay\u0131tlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Erdman, M. (2019). \u00c7e\u015fitlili\u011fin Tan\u0131\u011f\u0131: British Library’deki K\u00fcrd Yazma Koleksiyonlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Fuad, K. (1970). K\u00fcrd\u00e7e Yazmalar.<\/p>\n

    Leezenberg, M. (2014). El\u00ee Teremax\u00ee ve Kurdistan’da Medrese E\u011fitiminin Yerelle\u015fmesi.<\/p>\n

    MacKenzie, D. N. (1965). Baz\u0131 Goran\u00ee Lirik \u015eiirleri.<\/p>\n

    MacKenzie, D. N. (2002). Goran\u00ee.<\/p>\n

    Meredith-Owens, G. M. (1968). Fars\u00e7a Yazmalar El Listesi, 1895-1966.<\/p>\n

    Rich, C. J. (1836). Kurdistan’da Bir \u0130kamet ve Antik Ninova \u00dczerine Anlat\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Rieu, C. (1881). British Museum’daki Fars\u00e7a Yazmalar Katalo\u011fu, II. Cilt.<\/p>\n

    Soltani, A. (1997). Goran\u00ee K\u00fcrd \u015eiiri Antolojisi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    K\u00fcrd yaz\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen tart\u0131\u015fmalarda en s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kabul, K\u00fcrdlerin devletsizlik nedeniyle az yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu y\u00fczden de geride s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da yazma b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki kanaattir. Bu kanaat ilk bak\u0131\u015fta ar\u015fiv rakamlar\u0131yla da desteklenmektedir. British Library’nin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve T\u00fcrk dilleri koleksiyonlar\u0131ndan sorumlu k\u00fcrat\u00f6r\u00fc Michael Erdman‘\u0131n Kas\u0131m 2019’da k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin Asya ve Afrika \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 blogunda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sa yaz\u0131, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1039656,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[31],"class_list":["post-1039718","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forum","tag-onemli"],"seo_head":"\nDa\u011f\u0131n\u0131k Bir K\u00fct\u00fcphane: British Library'deki K\u00fcrd Yazmalar\u0131 ve \u00c7ok Leh\u00e7eli Bir Yaz\u0131 Gelene\u011fi - Darka Mazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/darkamazi.site\/archives\/1039718\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k Bir K\u00fct\u00fcphane: British Library'deki K\u00fcrd Yazmalar\u0131 ve \u00c7ok Leh\u00e7eli Bir Yaz\u0131 Gelene\u011fi - Darka Mazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"K\u00fcrd yaz\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen tart\u0131\u015fmalarda en s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kabul, K\u00fcrdlerin devletsizlik nedeniyle az yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu y\u00fczden de geride s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da yazma b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki kanaattir. 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